8th Grade Earth Science Review

Wind turbines transform wind energy into electricity. Using wind for energy is one way to replace the use of fossil fuels and other energy sources similar to fossil fuels. However, wind turbines can be dangerous to birds and produce noise pollution. The diagram shows the levels of sound heard in a town with turbines spaced at different distances from the town.

Choose a claim that describes the relationship between wind turbines and human dependency on the use of nonrenewable resources and

a supporting statement that best defends the claim for your answer

Choose two answers

• Wind turbines allow humans to become less dependent on nonrenewable resources

• Wind turbines cause humans to become more dependent on nonrenewable resources

• Wind turbines use a renewable energy resource to generate electricity

• Wind turbines use a nonrenewable energy resource to generate electricity

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

In some windy locations, a group of wind turbines may be built near each other. These are known as wind farms. Which pair of statements best describes a disadvantage and an advantage of building a wind farm instead of a single wind turbine?

• Disadvantage: A wind farm uses more nonrenewable energy than a single wind turbine uses.

  Advantage: A wind farm can be built close to towns that need electricity

• Disadvantage: A wind farm produces less electricity than a single wind turbine produces.

  Advantage: A wind farm can easily be built in locations far from birds.

• Disadvantage: A wind farm is more dangerous to birds than a single wind turbine.

  Advantage: A wind farm produces enough sound to keep birds away

• Disadvantage: A wind farm produces more noise pollution than a single wind turbine produces.

  Advantage: A wind farm produces a greater amount of electricity than a single wind turbine produces

Tags

NGSS.MS-ETS1-2

The incomplete model shows the processes involved in the rock cycle

Which of the following shows the rock types in the correct order going clockwise from the top.

• Sedimentary, Igneous, Molten, Metamorphic

• Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic, Molten

• Igneous, Sedimentary, Molten, Metamorphic

• Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic, Molten

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Choose the rock type that correctly completes the statement.

( Igneous / Metamorphic / Sedimentary ) rock is best for the formation of fossils in the fossil record.

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

• Magma

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

The map shows the movement of the Indian landmass over the past 71 million years

Which observation would provide the best evidence of the northward movement of India?

• a change in water level in the Indian Ocean

• a large rift between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate

• the formation of the island of Sri Lanka in the Indian Ocean

• The presence of a mountain range where the Indian plate meets the Eurasian plate

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

A student is developing a model of two tectonic plate boundaries.

The model is incomplete. Which set of information identifies the labels the student should use to complete the model and describes a process shown in the model?

A.

• Label X: divergent plate boundary

  Label Y: convergent plate boundary

  Description: New crust is being formed at location X.

• Label X: convergent plate boundary

  Label Y: divergent plate boundary

  Description: New crust is being formed at location Y

  Label X: divergent plate boundary

• Label X: divergent plate boundary

  Label Y: convergent plate boundary

  Description: Crust is being recycled by Earth’s mantle at location X.

• Label X: convergent plate boundary

  Label Y: divergent plate boundary

  Description: Crust is being recycled by Earth’s mantle at location Y.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Deforestation is the clearing or removal of forest land for use by humans for other purposes. Deforestation is common in areas that are used to raise cattle and grow crops. Which set of information describes the best way humans could reduce this impact on the environment?

• Proposal: Make new products by recycling parts of the trees that are removed.

  Explanation: This proposal would decrease the amount of forest land used for cattle and crops

• Proposal: Make new products by recycling the parts of trees that are removed.

  Explanation: This proposal would decrease the amount of trash placed in landfills every year

• Proposal: Reduce the consumption of meat and dairy products.

  Explanation: This proposal would increase the amount of forest land used for cattle and crops.

• Proposal: Reduce the consumption of meat and dairy products.

  Explanation: This proposal would increase the amount of trash placed in landfills every year.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-3

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

Standard solar cells use a thick layer of silicon, an abundant metalloid in Earth’s crust. Engineers are developing new solar cells using perovskite—a mineral-based material. The chart shows some advantages and disadvantages of the use of perovskite solar cells.

A community in Albuquerque, New Mexico, is considering installing perovskite solar cells on the rooftops of 1,000 homes. On average the area has 280 sunny days per year; the U.S. average is 205 sunny days per year. Albuquerque averages 11 inches of rain per year. The U.S. average is 39 inches of rain per year.

Which decision about whether to install perovskite solar cells is best supported by this evidence?

• Because the climate of the area is wet and hot, perovskite should not be used.

• Because the material is unlikely to harm the environment, perovskite should be

• Because the product cannot be immediately mass-produced, perovskite should not be used.

• Because the area has fewer sunny days than the U.S. average, perovskite should be used

Tags

NGSS.MS-ETS1-1

NGSS.MS-ETS1-2

Students in a science class set up an investigation to model soil formation by following the steps listed below.

Investigation Steps•

Place four cubes of sugar into a glass jar and place a lid on the jar

Shake the jar for 30 seconds.

Record observations about how the sugar cubes have changed.

Shake the jar for two more minutes.

Record observations about how the sugar cubes have changed.

Which observations were most likely made, and which research question were the students

most likely testing during this investigation?

• Observation 1: The cubes broke down into smaller chunks.

  Observation 2: The smaller chunks broke down into a powder.

  Research Question: How does chemical weathering of rock produce soils?

• Observation 1: The cubes became larger as particles moved closer together.

  Observation 2: The cubes broke down into smaller chunks.

  Research Question: How does chemical weathering of rock produce soils?

• Observation 1: The cubes broke down into smaller chunks.

  Observation 2: The smaller chunks broke down into a powder.

  Research Question: How does physical weathering of rock produce soils?

• Observation 1: The cubes became larger as particles moved closer together.

  Observation 2: The cubes broke down into smaller chunks.

  Research Question: How does physical weathering of rock produce soils?

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

The incomplete model represents part of the water cycle.

Part A: Choose the correct labels of the water cycle starting at the top and moving right.

• infiltration, runoff, groundwater, surface water

• runoff, infiltration, groundwater, surface water

• infiltration, surface water, groundwater, runoff

• runoff, surface water, groundwater, infiltration

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4