pre/post test stase NO dasar

A 46 year old woman presents with sudden visual loss in the right eye. Visual acuity is 20/50 on the right and 20/20 on the left. There is a positive relative afferent papillary defect on the right and an inferior altitudinal visual field defect on the same side. The fundus examination is normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• Retrobulbar optic neuritis

• Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

• Compressive optic neuropathy

• Branch retinal vein occlusion

A 50 year old diabetic develops a retrobulbar optic neuropathy from aspergilosis. Which paranasal sinus is most likely involved?

• Cavernous

• Sphenoid

• Maxillary

• Ethmoid

Which of the following features is most suggestive of a carotid artery dissection in a patient with Horner syndrome?

• Recent chiropractic manipulation

• Facial pain

• Carotid artery bruit

• Positive hydroxyamphetamine test

In addition to vasculopathic risk factors, patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy usually have which one of the following?

• A small, crowded optic disc

• Dilated retinal veins

• Hyperopia

• Recent viral illness

A low risk profile for the development of multiple sclerosis in a patient with optic neuritis is best predicted by which one of the following?

• Advanced patient age

• Normal magnetic resonance imaging of the brain

• Male gender

• Associated disc swelling

A 56 year old diabetic man experiences sudden onset of binocular horizontal diplopia beginning 3 days previously. Examination reveals normal motility except deficit of lateral gaze on right eye. Immediate work up would include which one of the following?

• Spinal tap

• Edrophonium (Tensilon) test

• Observation and careful follow-up for 4-6 weeks

• Chest x-ray and complete blood cell count

What are the common ocular symptoms of the increased intracranial pressure?

• Ptosis and amaurosis fugax

• Transient visual obscurations and double vision

• Homonymous hemianopia

• Eye pain

Berikut adalah gambaran papil Nervus Optikus yang menandakan terjadinya papilledema, kecuali:

• Batas diskus optikus yang kabur

• Prominensia diskus optikus

• Pembuluh darah peripapiler yang melebar dan berkelok

• Perdarahan peripapiler

• Hilangnya pulsasi arteri di diskus optikus

Berikut ini pernyataan yang benar mengenai diskus optikus yang normal, kecuali:

• The larger the optic disc, the larger the optic cup

• Patients with myopia have significantly larger optic disc than individuals with normal refraction

• Temporal site is usually paller and have blurred margin

• The blind spot in the visual field is reflecting optic disc

Tanda klinis yang paling sering dijumpai pada neuropati optic kompresif adalah:

• Peningkatan tekanan intra okuler

• Penurunan visus progresif perlahan-lahan

• Nyeri gerak bola mata

• Keterbatasan gerak bola mata

• Mata juling