AP Biology Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Type of symbiosis: Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers. The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.

• commensalism

• mutualism

• parasitism

• predation

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Type of symbiosis: Skunks often live in burrows that have been dug and abandoned by woodchucks.

• commensalism

• mutualism

• parasitism

• predation

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Bird & Tree: A bird builds a nest in a hole in the trunk of the tree. It is protected from the rain and predators. The tree is not harmed or helped by the bird.

• Mutualism

• Commensalism

• Parasitism

• Competition

Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they

• have different habitats within the tree.
• don’t eat food from the tree.
• occupy different niches within the tree.
• can find different temperatures within the tree.

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All of the following statements concerning characteristics of predator-prey relationship are correct EXCEPT:

• Camouflage is an adaptation that protects prey.
• A rise in the population of predators is followed by a decreased in the population of prey.
• A rise in the population of prey is often followed by a rise in the population of predators.
• The population of predators most often eliminates the population of prey

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When two species of cattails are grown together, they grow at different water depths and coexist.  When grown alone, they grow at similar water depths.  Which of the following is best demonstrated by the data?

• natural selection
• character displacement
• resource partitioning
• ecological succession

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What causes trophic cascades?

• Increasing the number of producers

• Pollution

• The removal of a keystone species

• Introducing a new species to an ecosystem

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What are limiting factors?

• The maximum number of organisms an area can sustain

• Scarce resources that limit the size of a population

• Conditions that limit how much energy flows to the next trophic level

• How diverse the populations of a community are

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Why are decomposers necessary in ecosystems?

• They recycle essential nutrients back down to producers

• They enrich soil with nitrogen

• They help keep ecosystems clean

• All of the above

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Why does high biodiversity increase ecosystem stability?

• Ecosystems do best when populations are as large as possible

• High biodiversity increases the carrying capacity of an ecosystem

• More diversity increases the chances that organisms can survive changes to an ecosystem

• Ecosystems are most stable when biodiversity is low

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