Semester 2 Final Exam

Learning in which an animal acquires a behavior through practice in order to receive a reward or avoid punishment is called

• operant conditioning.

• habituation.

• classical conditioning.

• innate conditioning.

During migration, animals undertake a

• seasonal movement.

• repeating daily cycle of behavior.

• sleeplike state.

• search for new permanent habitats.

The members of a society

• belong to at least two species.

• belong to the same species and interact closely with each other.

• act independently for each individual’s benefit.

• are usually unrelated to one another.

It is advantageous for grazing mammals to gather in groups because groups

• can make the available food resources last longer.

• can migrate more easily than individuals can.

• are more difficult for predators to locate than individuals are.

• offer greater protection from predation.

Certain behaviors are innate in animals because they are essential for

• survival immediately after birth

• guarding territory.

• acquiring other behaviors.

• developing a circadian rhythm.

The type of learning that occurs when a stimulus produces a particular response because it is associated with a positive or negative experience is

• classical conditioning.

• operant conditioning.

• habituation.

• trial-and-error learning.

What type of social behavior are grizzly bears exhibiting when they leave their scent on trees?

• imprinting

• operant conditioning

• aggression

• territoriality

The survival of plants depends on

• sunlight, water, and organic nutrients.

• water, minerals, and organic nutrients.

• water, minerals, and sunlight.

• water, oxygen, and sunlight.

Within bryophytes, the eggs are produced in

• archegonia

• tracheids

• antheridia

• sporangia

A structure essential to the reproduction of gymnosperms is the

• flower

• spore

• cone

• angiosperm