Which event resulted from the unexpected death of Muhammad?

• The Persian Empire expanded into parts of Europe.

• Muhammad’s son came to power and conquered different areas.

• The Byzantine Empire attacked the weakened Arabian Peninsula.

• Conflicts arose among his followers.

What was Abū Bakr’s contribution to the spread of Islam?

• He based the government on Islamic law.

• He brought Muslim ideas into Central Asia and India.

• He created new forms of architecture, including mosques.

• He united the Arabian Peninsula under one language and religion.

How did Muslim leaders treat non-Muslims in the territories that they conquered?

• They signed treaties with non-Muslims to reduce or resolve conflicts.

• They forced all non-Muslims to convert to Islam or leave the territory.

• They imposed harsh punishments on non-Muslims, to be paid with jail time and fines.

• They allowed non-Muslims the chance to purchase freedom through work or money.

Review the map showing the territory of the Islamic caliphate throughout the Arabian Peninsula and surrounding areas.

Which statement best describes the territory of the Islamic caliphate in the years following Muhammad’s death in 632 CE?

• It unified eastern Asia.

• It expanded to the south.

• It more than doubled in size.

• It reached the Arabian Sea.

Who was the first caliph after the death of Muhammad?

• ʿAbbās I

• Abū Bakr

• Mehmed II

• Süleyman I

Which group did the Ottoman Empire conquer first?

• the Byzantines

• the Greeks

• the Mesopotamians

• the Turks

Why was it important to Mehmed II that the Ottomans conquer Constantinople?

• He believed it to be a holy city for Shia Muslims.

• He wanted to free the large enslaved Janissary population.

• It was the capital city and the key to creating a strong empire.

• It was strategically located on the Caspian Sea.

Which best describes the Janissaries?

• political or military rulers of a Muslim community

• Muslims who believed that teachers chosen by God could interpret the Qur’an

• enslaved persons from conquered lands who fought for the Ottomans

• women of the Ottoman ruling class who lived separately from their husbands

Review the map. By what year did the Ottoman Empire first expand into parts of North Africa?

• 1451

• 1520

• 1566

• 1683

Which statement best describes the lives of ruling-class women in the Ottoman Empire?

• They had some rights, but their lives were restricted.

• They could gain a number of rights through marriage.

• They were not granted any rights to hold property.

• They were treated as inferior, regardless of class status.