AP Psychology Review 2

Which language theorist would have been most likely to emphasize that children master the rule for forming the past tense of regular verbs like "push" before they learn common past tense constructions of irregular verbs like "go"? 

• B. F. Skinner
• Benjamin Lee Whorf
• Noam Chomsky
• Hermann Ebbinghaus

An extreme fear of being in an open, public place is called what?

• Acrophobia

• Claustrophobia

• Monophobia

• Agoraphobia

Identified a number of instincts (motivations) that he believed were essential for survival. These included such things as fear, anger, love, shame, and cleanliness.

• William James

• G. Stanley Hall

• Charles Darwin

• Ernest Hilgard

What is Intrinsic Motivation?

• Being motivated by positive feelings associated with doing well on a task or job 
• Being motivated by monetary bonuses
• Being promoted based on performance
• Being motivated by positive feelings associated with doing well when working with other people 

Which of the following behaviors is most closely associated with the foot-in-the-door phenomenon?

• Beth continues to participate in class because she is positively reinforced.

• Adam is sleeping while the rest of his classmates are working on their group project.

• Sutan asks his father for $5, and when he agrees, Sutan asks him for $15 more.

• James feels pressure to go to the movies with his friends even though he prefers to go bowling.

• Diana feels guilty because she did not help her family clear the table after dinner.

Doug is part of a large creative-design team at an advertising firm. The team comes up with many slogans for products. Some are successful; some are failures. Whenever the team comes up with a winner, Doug takes full responsibility and talks about how much of a role he played in the team’s success. When slogans are not effective, he denies having a big role in the project. Doug is most clearly demonstrating

• low self-esteem

• a self-serving bias

• an actor-observer bias

• a misattribution error

• sublimation

Four-year-old Craig understands that birds build nests in trees. In his front yard, Craig notices an unusually large nest. He is scared to go near it, fearing that some large bird may attack him. Craig’s father explains to him that squirrels also build nests and that the nest in the front yard is that of a squirrel. Craig changes his thinking to now include the fact that squirrels build nests. Jean Piaget would say that Craig’s new way of thinking about nests is an example of

• insight

• accommodation

• an algorithm

• a heuristic

• conservation

A child reading a book points to a picture on the page and calls to his mother in another room and says, “Mommy, who’s in this picture?” He expects that she will know what he is pointing at, even though she cannot see it. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in this example?

• Animism

• Assimilation

• Conservation

• Egocentrism

• Object permanence

A test has a mean of 80 with a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following scores is within one standard deviation of the mean?

• 75

• 77

• 86

• 90

• 99

All of the following are American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for researchers EXCEPT:

• Research may not involve deception.

• Participation must be voluntary.

• Participants must be informed of potential risks.

• Participants must be offered alternative activities if research participation is a course requirement.

• Participants’ right to privacy must be protected.