Solar System

Galileo gathered evidence through observing Jupiter and Venus through telescopes that pointed towards a sun-centered solar system. What is the name of this sun-centered model of our solar system?

• Lunar Model

• Galaxy Model

• Geocentric Model

• Heliocentric Model

In the 1500s, Copernicus proposed that Earth orbited the Sun rather than vice versa. Which statement summarizes the major impact of this idea on human thought?

• Earth was thought to be created by random factors.

• Earth was much older than had previously been thought.

• Earth was no longer thought to be the center of the universe.

• Earth was thought to be moving differently from other objects in space.

The current model of our Solar System is based off of the Sun being at the center. Before scientists developed the current model, which is best supported by the evidence, what was believed to be the center of our solar system?

• The Solar System had no center because all the planets' orbits were random.

• A star other than the Sun was the center of the Solar System.

• A black hole was the center of the Solar System.

• Earth was the center of the Solar System.

Astronomers have formulated many models of the solar system over time. Ptolemy’s early geocentric model gave way to Copernicus’ heliocentric model on which the modern solar system model is based. Which statement best describes why models of the early Ptolemy solar system were replaced by the Copernican model?

• Computers are better able to develop scientific models than humans are.

• A more precise age has been established for the formation of the solar system.

• More direct observations have enabled scientist to change solar system models.

• Scientist established that a different set of laws govern the motion of our solar system than govern the motion of other solar systems.

What was a compelling reason for Kepler's model to replace Copernicus's model over time?

• irregularities with the motion of the Sun

• irregularities with the motion of asteroids

• irregularities with the motion of the Moon

• irregularities with the motion of the planets

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

Isaac Newton’s law of universal gravitation describes how the force of gravity works. Which of these statements accurately describes Newton’s law of universal gravitation?

• As a planet moves around its orbit, the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal amounts of time

• The orbit of a planet, or other body, around the Sun is an ellipse, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse.

• The square of a planet’s orbital period is proportional to the cube of the planet’s mean distance from the Sun

• Gravitational force increases as the mass of an object increases or as the distance between two objects decreases.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS2-4

The diagram illustrates the relationship between gravitational force and distance. Even though the size of the objects varies, each of the objects has the same identical mass.

Which statement best describes the diagram?

• Diagram A has the greater gravitational force because the objects are closer to one another.

• Diagram C has the greater gravitational force because the objects are different sizes

• Diagram B has the greater gravitational force because the objects are farther apart.

• Diagram B has the greater gravitational force because the objects are the smallest.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

NGSS.MS-PS2-5

The relationship between the masses of the Earth, moon and Sun and their distances to each other play a critical role in how they interact. When is the gravitational attraction between the two objects the strongest?

• masses are large and the objects are far apart

• masses are small and the objects are far apart

• masses are large and the objects are close together

• masses are small and the objects are close together

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Gravity is the force that attracts something towards the center of the earth or towards any other physical body that has mass. It affects us every single moment of our lives from the day we're born. Which best describes why gravity on Earth has a stronger attraction with you than the Sun does?

• Earth has more mass than the sun.

• The sun has more mass than Earth.

• Earth has more magnetism than the sun.

• Despite being less massive, Earth is much closer.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

. SC.8.E.5.4 Students are making a model of planetary motion. The students tie a tennis ball to a string. The string passes through a spool and is attached to a 1 kg mass. The mass pulls down on the string as the students spin the tennis ball around the spool. If the students wish to change the model to show what would happen if the Sun had a greater

• Spin the tennis ball at an increased speed.

• Replace the 1 kg mass with a 2 kg mass.

• Tie the tennis ball with a longer string.

• Change the spool to a longer one.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4