2021.05.17 - Exam: Evolution, Adaptation and Speciation

Common ancestry relates to evolution because

• evolution only happens when there are common ancestors.
• Common ancestors make evolution happen more quickly.
• evolution can never take place with common ancestors.
• the more two organisms have in common, the more recent is their common ancestor during their evolution.

What type of evidence for evolution is represented in the picture:

• Fossils

• Vestigial Structures

• DNA

• Homologous Structures

The similarities of the bones in the diagram provide evidence that---

• The organisms shown lived in the same natural envionrment
• The organisms shown may have developed from a common ancestor
• The organisms shown have the same genetic diseases
• All vertebrate species have identical forelimbs

The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?

• Fossil A and C are the same age
  
• Fossil B is older than fossil C
• Fossils A is older than fossil B
• Fossil D is older than fossil C

Which of the following is NOT true of analogous structures?

• Similar embryonic development

• Structures that perform the same function

• Different structural characteristics

• Different embryonic development

In the the third embryonic stage (bottom row), mammal embryos _____

• have more characteristics in common with each other than with reptiles or birds.
• are still hard to tell from reptiles and birds.
• have the same features as fish, reptiles, and birds.
• do not have tails.

All the animals to the right of the hagfish would have the common characteristic of -

• Fur
• Claws or nails
• Lungs
• Jaws

According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism? 

• Amphibians
• Ray finned fish
• Crocodiles
• Birds

What trait separates sharks from ray-finned fish?

• Vertebrae
• Bony skeleton
• Four limbs
• None

Comparing human hemoglobin of chimpanzees, horses, kangaroos, and chickens, reveal that humans have the fewest amino acid differences with 

• Kangaroos
• Horses
• chickens
• chimpanzees