PE.1.a.b Sudden and gradual changes to earth

To develop a model of the earth below the crust, scientists need to make...

• models, which are based on non-destructive tests.

• models, which are based on destructive tests.

• inferences, which are based on guesses.

• inferences, which are based on evidence and reasoning.

Scientist can infer the composition of the earth by methods of...(select all that apply)

• Lab experiments

• Drilling and studying rocks

• Seismic waves

• Studying earth's magnetic field

• Studying earth's gravitational field

What is the correct order of layers starting from the surface of the earth?

• inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

• crust, outer core, inner core, mantle

• crust, mantle, upper core, lower core

• crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

The crust is the only solid part of the earth.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

The inner core is also solid, made of iron.

Earthquakes are caused by...

• Seismic waves deep below the surface

• Shear forces between the rocks slipping and releasing energy

• Richter scale forces

• Pressure released from the hotter mantle below the crust

During an earthquake, the point on the _______ directly above the _________ is called the ___________.

• focus, epicentre, surface

• epicentre, focus, surface

• surface, epicentre, focus

• surface, focus, epicentre

How many times more intense is an earthquake measuring 9 on the Richter scale versus a quake measuring 5?

• 4

• 10,000

• 1,000

• 100

Molten rock that has spilled onto the surface is known as...

• Magma

• Mantle

• Lava

• Hot spot

A volcano moves molten rock upwards because the ______ rock in the magma chamber below the volcano is _______ than the surrounding ______ rock because solid rock ______ when it melts.

• molten, lighter, solid, expands

• molten, heavier, solid, expands

• solid, lighter, liquid, expands

• molten, lighter, solid, contracts

Answer explanation

Incremental changes to the earth's surface occur in which order?

• weathering, erosion, deposition

• erosion, weathering, deposition

• erosion, deposition, weathering

• deposition, erosion, weathering,