Edexcel GCSE Psychology: Punishment & recidivism

Prison is based on the principles of operant conditioning. Prison is a form of ____ given to an offender that should prevent them from reoffending.

• positive punishment
• negative punishment
• positive reinforcement
• negative reinforcement

Prison also acts as a deterrent to potential offenders so is a form of _____; people will avoid prison by abiding by the law.

• positive punishment
• negative punishment
• positive reinforcement
• negative reinforcement

Community sentencing involves an offender doing community service instead of going to prison. This often involves _____.

• litter picking or painting community buildings
• being given a curfew and being restricted from certain areas
• having to report to a community offender manager
• all other options

Restorative justice is when a victim and offender meet. It is a process used to help a _____.

• offender recover and make the victim undertand the impact of their crime
• victim recover and make the offender undertand the impact of their crime
• victim recover and undertand the offender's motivation
• victim recover by listening to the offender's excuses

A strength of prison is it can be said to be effective because it removes a criminal from public life meaning _____.

• they do not have the opportunity to commit another crime
• they have the opportunity to commit another crime
• they do not have the opportunity to learn about crime
• they do not have the opportunity to contemplate another crime

A strength of prison as a punishment is that it keeps the ______.

• public safe whilst the criminal is set free
• public safe whilst the criminal is locked away
• prisoners safe whilst the public is locked away
• public happy whilst the criminal is locked away

A weakness of prison is it is seen as ineffective because whilst in prison offenders are

• given food and a warm cell
• provided with educational opportunities to become a better person
• exposed to criminal role models during their sentence
• exposed to prison wardens who act as positive role models

A strength of community sentencing is offenders can be ____ for their crime by giving something back to their community.

• given a second chance to successfully carry out their crime
• given no chance to make up for their crime
• given a second chance to make up for their crime
• given a second chance to get caught committing crime

A strength of community sentencing is they are only given in appropriate circumstances when prison might not be suitable. This may ____.

• reduce reoffending
• increase reoffending
• reduce prison numbers
• reduce offenders aggression

A weakness of community sentencing is some view it as a soft option, as a recidivism rate of ___

• 20% it is seen as an ineffective form of punishment
• 30% it is seen as an ineffective form of punishment
• 30% it is seen as an effective form of punishment
• 20% it is seen as an effective form of punishment