The study of fluid motion and its applications.

• Pneumatics

• Mechanics

• Electronics

• Hydraulics

A liquid or a gas that flows.

• Current

• Fluid

• Tool

• Actuator

What is the difference between a liquid and a gas?

• Liquid molecules are close together, but not packed. Gas molecules are spread apart and freely moving. Liquids have fixed volume, while gases do not

• liquid means a substance that is flowing, and keeping no shape, such as water, whereas gas means a substance in the fundamental state of matter that retains its size and shape without need of a container

• Liquids are incompressible because their molecules are close to one another

• Gas vibrate and move freely at high speeds

What is meant by the term “incompressible”? What makes liquids incompressible?

• able to be made to use less space when it is stored in the memory of a computer or on a disk, by using a special program

• Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished in all directions

• Something that is incompressible cannot be mashed into a smaller space. Liquids are incompressible because their molecules are close to one another, even though they are not tightly packed

• Use of liquids at high pressure and low flow to perform work

Pressure in a liquid is transmitted equally throughout the liquid.

• Pascal's Law

• Multiplication of force

• Law of Conservation of Energy

• Cycle time

An initial effort force puts pressure on a liquid over a given area. This pressure is transmitted throughout the liquid, reaching a second area (in some systems, a third or a fourth, too), in which it exerts a load force.

• General function of a pneumatic system

• General function of an electronic system

• General function of a hydraulic system

• General function of a electronic system

What are the five elements of a hydraulic system?

• Driver, pushbotton, motor, control valves, sensors.

• Reservoir, gear pump, relief valve, directional control valve and actuator cylinder.

• Driver, gear pump, motor, control valves, sensors.

• Driver, pump, motor, relief valve, directional control valve

How do the pistons in an excavator act like muscles?

• They extend and shorten the arm of the excavator, as well as rotating it, and raising and lowering it, allowing it to move much like a human arm.

• Two pistons are connected by a pipe. One piston is larger than the other. A small amount of force applied to the smaller piston translates through the hydraulic fluid to a large force applied to the larger piston

• split logs and remove the piston from the log once it has been split.

The use of liquids at high flow and low pressure to perform work

• Hydraulics

• Hydrostatics

• Hydrodynamic

• Hydropump

Energy may be changed from one form to another, but it cannot either be created or destroyed

• Law of OHM

• Law of conservation of energy

• Multiplication of force

• Pascal's law