1. Occurs when an argument which is supposed to prove something concludes something else instead

• INCONSISTENCY

• AFFIRMING CONSEQUENT

• IRRELEVANT CONCLUSION

Tags

CCSS.W.11-12.1

CCSS.W.11-12.1B

2. Occurs when an arguments contradict one another

• INCONSISTENCY

• AFFIRMING CONSEQUENT

• IRRELEVANT CONCLUSION

Tags

CCSS.SL.11-12.3

CCSS.W.11-12.1B

3. Any argument of the form: If A is true then B is true; If A is not true then B is not true.

• INCONSISTENCY

• AFFIRMING CONSEQUENT

• IRRELEVANT CONCLUSION

Tags

CCSS.W.11-12.1

CCSS.W.11-12.1B

4. Any argument of the form: If A is true then B is true; if A is not true then B is not true

• AFFIRMING CONSEQUENT

• DENYING ANTECEDENT

• IRRELEVANT CONCLUSION

Tags

CCSS.SL.11-12.3

CCSS.W.11-12.1

5. Occurs when the element of pity is used instead of logical reasoning is used to argue

• APPEAL TO PITY

• APPEAL TO FORCE

• APPEAL TO CONSEQUENCES

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.5

CCSS.SL.11-12.3

CCSS.W.11-12.1

CCSS.W.11-12.1B

6. Occurs when an argument is considered to be valid because it is what the majority thinks

• BANDWAGON

• APPEAL TO FORCE

• ATTACKING THE PERSON

Tags

CCSS.SL.11-12.3

7. Occurs when someone tries to refute an argument by attacking the character of a person instead of attacking the ideas of the argument

• BANDWAGON

• APPEAL TO FORCE

• ATTACKING THE PERSON

8. Occurs when two or more points are rolled into one and the reader is expected to accept or reject both at the same time, when one point may be satisfactory while the other is not

• SLIPPERY SLOPE

• APPEAL TO FORCE

• COMPLEX QUESTION

Tags

CCSS.SL.11-12.1C

CCSS.SL.11-12.3

9. Occurs when the direction between cause and effect is reversed

• SLIPPERY SLOPE

• HASTY GENERALIZATION

• WRONG DIRECTION

10. Occurs when a sample is not significant enough to support a generalization about population

• SLIPPERY SLOPE

• HASTY GENERALIZATION

• WRONG DIRECTION

Tags

CCSS.SL.11-12.3

CCSS.W.11-12.1