Civil Rights

After the Civil War ended, African Americans continued to experience political and economic oppression mainly because

• Southern states enacted Jim Crow laws

• poor communications kept people from learning about their legal rights

• many African Americans distrusted the Federal Government

• the amendments were not intended to solve their problems

Throughout the Civil Rights Era, which method did Martin Luther King, Jr. urge his followers to employ?

• using violence to bring about political change

• engaging in non-violent, peaceful protest

• leaving any community in which racism is practiced

• demanding that Congress pay reparations to African Americans

In 1957, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent troops to Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Which Supreme Court decision was he enforcing?

• Marbury v. Madison

• Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

• Dred Scott v. Sanford

• Miranda v. Arizona

Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."

-Brown v. Board of Education

The quote represents the effect of this Supreme Court ruling which was to

• establish affirmative action programs in higher education

• require the integration of public schools

• force states to spend an equal amount on each public school student

• desegregate the armed forces and the military academies

The main goal of affirmative action programs is to

• enforce racial segregation laws

• secure equal voting rights for African Americans

• provide affordable child care

• achieve economic gains for minorities and women

In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court ruled that

• slaves are property and may not be taken from their owners

• racial segregation was constitutional

• all western territories should be open to slavery

• states may not secede from the Union

What laws established separate public facilities for whites and African-Americans?

• The Black Codes

• The Alien and Sedition Acts

• Jim Crow laws

• The Desegregation Statutes

The major goal of the civil rights movement of the 1960’s was to

• establish a separate nation for African Americans

• end segregation based on race

• gain passage of an equal rights amendment to the Constitution

• permit unlimited immigration to the United States

When President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent Federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, during the 1957 school integration crisis, the soldiers were under orders to

• Arrest protesters outside the school

• Bar students from entering the school

• Escort students safely into the school

• None of the above

The abolitionist movement, the women’s suffrage movement (Women’s right to vote), and the 1960’s civil rights movement are all examples of efforts to change America that

• succeeded without causing major controversy

• developed significant popular support

• achieved their goals through protest and government action

• failed to affect the nation as a whole