Pathophysiology Review

Which of the following is a possible clinical manifestation of atherosclerotic/coronary heart disease?

• Sudden cardiac death

• Acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina, myocardial infarction)

• Chronic stable angina

• All of the above

Which of the following accurately describes variant angina?

• Chest pain only with activity

• Permanent damage of the myocardium

• An intermittent spasm of one of the coronary arteries

• Chest pain at a higher intensity than previously experienced

Which of the following is part of the classic triad of symptoms for patients experiencing a pulmonary embolism?

• Dyspnea

• Hemoptysis

• A stabbing chest pain worsened with breathing or coughing

• All of the above

Your patient describes unrelenting chest pain for the last 20 minutes not relieved by rest or nitro. You should...

• Provide a longer rest period, it should hopefully pass

• Continue exercise with physiological monitoring

• Call 911/activate EMS

• Send your patient home, and call the primary care physician later that afternoon

Which description represents a full thickness insult to the myocardium?

• STEMI

• Variant angina

• Non-STEMI

• Unstable angina

Which statement is most accurate in terms of how pulmonary system pathology may result in heart failure?

• It won't; they are unrelated

• Chronic pulmonary artery HTN increases right ventricular afterload, wearing it out over time

• Chronic pulmonary artery HTN increases left ventricular afterload, wearing it out over time

• A higher work of breathing over-stresses the heart

What describes the pulmonary "congestion" component of left-sided heart failure?

• Blood not being pumped by the heart backs up in lungs

• Proliferous mucus production

• Increased capillary pressure forces fluid into air spaces

• First and third answers

Which of the following is an obstructive pulmonary disease?

• Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

• Atelectasis

• Sarcoidosis

• Asthma

Which of the following is a restrictive pulmonary disease?

• Chronic bronchitis

• Cystic fibrosis

• Emphysema

• Atelectasis

Lung compliance is the inverse of stiffness

• True

• False