Evolution Review

Based on the cladogram to the right, which statement must be true?

• Species 1 and 2 cannot have traits in    common with Species 3 and 4.
  
• Species 3 and 4 are found in different  ecosystems than Species 1 and 2.
  
• Species 3 is more genetically similar to  Species 4 than to the other species.
  
• Species 1 has a less direct relationship to  the common ancestor than the other species.
  

According to Darwin's theory of evolution, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have

• characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse
• undergone mutations
• the smallest number of offspring
• variations best suited by the environment.

In the phrase "Survival of the Fittest" the term "Fittest" refers to the organism's

• brain size
•  number of genes
•  physical strength and speed
•  suitability for its environment

What is this an example of?

• diversity of species
• variation
• vestigial structures
• DNA studies

Predict which moth would increase in population

• light 
• dark

If 10 people live on an island and no one can enter or exit, what is the only way new traits can be introduced into the population?

• Natural Selection

• Artificial Selection

• Selective Breeding

• Mutations

What word describes a trait that helps an organism survive in its environment?

• natural selection

• mutation

• camouflage

• adaptation

Almost all adaptations started off as?

• selective breeding

• physiological

• structural

• mutations

Why are advantageous or beneficial traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?

• Because those traits make them more likely to survive and reproduce.

• Because those traits come from dominant alleles.

• Because those traits come from recessive alleles.

• Because those traits are acquired phenotypes.

Structures with the same bone structure but different functions (jobs) suggest that organisms share a common ancestry. What are these structures called?

• vestigial structures

• homologous structures

• adaptive radiation

• fossil