WHSS Economics: Employment

Which of the following is an example of cyclical unemployment?

A An airline cuts jobs in a world recession.

B Cleaners lose their jobs as more machines are used.

C Fishermen sell their boats owing to a reduction in fish stocks.

D Hotels employ fewer people in the rainy period.

• A

• B

• C

• D

The most common way of comparing the living standards of two countries is to study each country’s

A average weekly working hours.

B consumer expenditure.

C GNP per head.

D national income.

• A

• B

• C

• D

Other things being equal, what will cause a population both to increase and to age?

A a fall in the birth rate

B a rise in both the birth rate and the death rate

C a rise in the death rate and a fall in the birth rate

D a fall in the death rate

• A

• B

• C

• D

What is the most likely cause of population migration to cities in developing countries?

A an ageing population

B higher unemployment rates in cities

C higher wages in cities

D higher land values in cities

• A

• B

• C

• D

What name is given to the type of unemployment that occurs while people search for new jobs?

A cyclical

B frictional

C residual

D structural

• A

• B

• C

• D

During periods of high unemployment across the entire labour force, the highest unemployment rate in an economy is often in the 16–19 year-old age group. Which statement explains why 16–19 year-olds may find it difficult to find a job?

A The incentive to earn an income is lower for that age group.

B Their wages are lower than those of adults.

C They lack both work experience and the necessary skills.

D They prefer leisure activities to long working hours.

• A

• B

• C

• D

What is likely to fall when the rate of unemployment falls?

A business confidence

B consumer spending

C government revenue

D government welfare payments

• A

• B

• C

• D

The table shows the percentage change (%) in employment over a period for a country with three economic sectors. What could be concluded from this information?

A Agricultural output fell.

B The country became more developed.

C The working population stayed constant.

D Total employment remained the same.

• A

• B

• C

• D

The proportion of workers employed varies between different industries and between developing and developed economies. Which combination in the table is likely to have the highest percentage of workers employed?

• A

• B

• C

• D

The table shows the change in annual wage of four workers over one year. The rate of inflation during the year was 10%. Which worker had a fall in her real wage?

• A

• B

• C

• D