Biology Form 4 KSSM Topic 8

What are the respiratory structures of human and insects?

• Respiratory structure of human: Lungs

  Respiratory structure of insects: Tracheoles

• Respiratory structure of human: Lungs

  Respiratory structure of insects: Trachea

• Respiratory structure of human: Alveolus

  Respiratory structure of insects: Tracheoles

• Respiratory structure of human: Alveolus

  Respiratory structure of insects: Trachea

Diagram 1 shows gills of a fish. Which part A, B, C or D is the site where the rate of exchange of respiratory gases is the highest?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Diagram 2 shows part of the human respiratory organ. Which characteristic of the respiratory surface is shown in the diagram?

• Permeable to oxygen

• Moist surface

• Thin surface lining

• Large surface area

Which of the following are the roles of the muscles in the breathing mechanism?

• Inhalation: External intercostal muscles contract and diaphragm muscles contract

  Exhalation: Internal intercostal muscles relax and diaphragm muscles relax

• Inhalation: Internal intercostal muscles contract and diaphragm muscles relax

  Exhalation: External intercostal muscles contract and diaphragm muscles contract

• Inhalation: External intercostal muscles contract and diaphragm muscles contract

  Exhalation: Internal intercostal muscles contract and diaphragm muscles relax

• Inhalation: Internal intercostal muscles relax and diaphragm muscles relax

  Exhalation: External intercostal muscles contract and diaphragm muscles contract

Which structure is involved in the breathing mechanism of a frog?

• Rib cage

• Diaphragm

• Intercostal muscles

• Buccopharyngeal cavity

Diagram 3 shows a model of the lungs. What happens to P and Q when the string is pulled downwards?

• P: Volume increases

  Q: Inflates

• P: Volume decreases

  Q: Deflates

• P: Pressure increases

  Q: Inflates

• P: Pressure decreases

  Q: Deflates

Diagram 4 shows the structure of an insect respiratory system. What occurs at J during the gas exchange in the insect?

• Gases diffuse across tracheole into the muscles

• Gases diffuse in the fluid at the tip of tracheole

• Gases dissolve into the fluid and diffuse across the tracheole

• Gases diffuse across the tracheole through active transport

Under which condition does water flow across the gills of a fish?

• Mouth: Closed

  Operculum: Closed

  Floor of buccal cavity: Lowered

• Mouth: Closed

  Operculum: Opened

  Floor of buccal cavity: Raised

• Mouth: Opened

  Operculum: Opened

  Floor of buccal cavity: Raised

• Mouth: Opened

  Operculum: Closed

  Floor of buccal cavity: Raised

Diagram 5 shows an alveolus and a blood capillary. What are the concentrations of carbon dioxide at X, Y and Z?

• X: High

  Y: High

  Z: Low

• X: Low

  Y: High

  Z: High

• X: Low

  Y: Low

  Z: High

• X: High

  Y: Low

  Z: Low

The formation and dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin is summarized in the diagram. Where do process X and process Y take place in the human body?

• X: Blood capillaries in the lungs

  Y: Body tissues

• X: Body tissues

  Y: Blood capillaries in the lungs

• X: Heart

  Y: Body tissues

• X: Body tissues

  Y: Heart