DIGLOSSIA

1. - According to Ferguson (1959). What is the definition of Diglossia?

• A. All the evidence available so far indicates that the type of linguistic change and the mechanisms involved – sound-change, analogy, borrowing of various kinds – are the same.

• B. there is likely to be a complete lack of inflection in nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adjectives. Nouns are not marked for number and gender, and verbs lack tense markers.

• C. It is a relatively stable language situation in which, in addition to the primary dialects of the language, there is a very divergent, highly codified (often grammatically more complex) superposed variety, the vehicle of a large and respected body of written literature.

• D. A language like English often has complicated phonological relationships between words (or morphemes, the small bits of meaning in words) that are closely related.

2. - What are the four languages Ferguson mentions that are the major characteristics related to Diglossia?

• A. Arabic, Greek, French, Spanish

• B. Arabic, Swiss-German, Haitian, and Greek

• C. Haitian, Spanish, Chinese, French

• D. Greek, English, French

3. - Considering the definition of Diglossia. How are called both varieties of a language used in a particular community?

• A. High variety (H) and Low variety (L)

• B. Primary language (P) and Secondary language (S)

• C. Formal (F) and Informal (I)

• D. Mother tongue and Second language

4. - In which circumstances each variety (high and low variety) is used?

• A. H varieties are used in every context by the speakers, on the other hand, L varieties are used only for babies in order to give them patterns to use the mother tongue.

• B. H varieties may be used for delivering sermons and formal lectures; L varieties may be used in giving instructions to workers in low prestige occupations or to household servants, in conversation with familiars.

• C. L varieties are not used anymore for native speakers, it is only an ancestral way to communicate among others; unlike H varieties were developed to be the main language to use it in a particular society.

• D. H varieties are used for adults and L varieties are used for kids.

5. - How are acquired the both varieties?

• A. The H variety is acquired through interactions with social groups and the L variety is acquired in a higher stage of life to be used in formal situations.

• B. Both varieties are learned in classrooms and learners decide on one to be used.

• C. L variety is not used nowadays and learners can learn it if they want. Unlike, H variety is obligatory to learn.

• D. The H variety tends to be learnt in classrooms or part of cultural or religious indoctrination. On the other hand, the L variety is learnt in social groups.

6. - According to the stated about Diglossia. Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the current topic?

• A. It reinforces social distinctions.

• B. It has two distinct codes which show clear functional separation.

• C. It is any kind of system that two or more people employ for communication.

• D. It is used to assert social position and to keep people in their place, particularly those at the lower end of the social hierarchy.