Microorganisms: Pathogens and Human health

Deer eat leaves and shrubs, which contain the carbohydrate cellulose. Bacteria living in the intestinal tract of a deer digest the cellulose. If the bacteria in a deer's intestinal tract were killed off, the most likely result is that the deer would –

• become malnourished and die

• digest the cellulose more slowly

• eat other plant food lower in cellulose

• die of diseases caused by other bacteria

How can viruses be treated medically to reduce their numbers and prevent them from spreading?

• Use antibiotics to kill them

• Use vaccines to kill them

• Prevent them from spreading using vaccines, but do not treat them with antibiotics.

• Prevent them from spreading using antibiotics, but do not treat them with vaccines.

Examples of disease caused by viruses

• Flu/ Influenza

• Athletes foot

• Tuberculosis

• Malaria

• chicken pox

When a disease spreads worldwide all over different countries and continents. This is known as...

• Endemic.

• Epidemic.

• Pandemic.

Dengue is spread by mosquito_________

• Aedes aegypti

• Anopheles

• Falciparum

• Malaria

Personal hygiene includes......

• Brush teeth atleast twice a day.

• Shower daily

• Wash hair regularly

• Wash hands regularly

• All the above

Models of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and an animal cell are shown below.
What is the difference in the function of the glycoprotein structures of an HIV virion and the cilia of an animal cell?

• The glycoprotein structures are used for attachment, and the cilia are used to move fluids surrounding the cell.
• The glycoprotein structures are used to obtain nutrition, and the cilia are used to secrete proteins.
•  The glycoprotein structures are used to provide physical support for the viral envelope, and the cilia strengthen the cell membrane.
• The glycoprotein structures are used for defense, and the cilia are used for locomotion.

Using a light microscope, a student identified the following characteristics of four organisms found in a sample of pond water.

Based on the observations of the student, which organisms most likely belong to the taxonomic group for bacteria?

• Organisms 1

• Organisms 3

• Organisms 4

• Organisms 2

H1N1 flu is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the influenza A (H1N1) virus. The symptoms of H1N1 flu are listed in the box below. An antiviral agent administered within 48 hours of the appearance of symptoms can reduce the severity of the illness.

Why is it important to administer an antiviral agent to an infected person within 48 hours of the appearance of symptoms?

• The H1N1 virus is dormant in cells.

• The H1N1 virus replicates quickly

• The H1N1 virus does not mutate.

• The H1N1 virus is transmitted through a vector host, such as a mosquito.

A person infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may not have any symptoms for a period of time. During this period the virus affects the body by doing which of the following?

• The virus produces toxins that weaken immune cells and prevent them from reproducing.

• The virus damages immune cells while using their machinery to produce copies of itself.

• The virus uses nutrients meant for immune cells to fuel its own cellular respiration.

• The virus changes the identity of the nucleotides of immune cells to prevent the immune system from functioning normally.