All organisms have 3 lines of defense against pathogen

• Yes

• No

Which of the following is not part of the first line of defense

• skin, lysozymes, stomach acid, expulsion

• Stomach acid, natural flora

• Intact skin, expulsion

Stomach acid has a _____ pH with destroys many pathogens

• neutral

• low

• high

Antigens are

• things that allow our body to sense a pathogen

• signals that some cells send-off

• a marker within the plasma membrane

• something the immune system makes

If the first line of defense is breached in an animal what group of cells arrives next

• The cells of the adaptive immune system

• The cells of the innate immune system

• The antigens

• Pathogen cells

Hair, thorns, skin are all examples of

• Physical barriers

• Biological barriers

• Chemical barriers

Which of the following is a living pathogen

• Virus

• Prion

• Parasite

The inflammation response is initiated by the

• Skin

• Red blood cells

• Mast cells

• Neutrophils

Why is it helpful that the outer layers of skin are dead cells

• Living cells dont like dead cells

• Viruses can infect dead cells

• They shouldn't be dead, they need to be living to be useful

A pathogen is

• A disease-causing agent

• All bacteria and virus

• A species of bacteria and virus

• A cure causing agent