PHC111 INTRODUCTION

All of the following atoms or groups have negative inductive effect (-I) EXCEPT:

• Cl

• OH

• NH2

• Mg

All of the following atoms or groups have positive inductive effect (+I) EXCEPT:

• CH3

• Li

• Br

• Mg

The electron-donating or electron-withdrawing effect of a group due to delocalization of π electrons is:

• Inductive Effect

• Mesomeric Effect

• Electronegativity

• Valency

electron-rich reagent that seeks a positive center

• Electrophile

• Nucleophile

• Free Radical

All of the following are conditions for homolytic bond cleavage EXCEPT:

• UV

• Light

• Pressure

• peroxide

Molecules that contain only C and H-atoms are

• Synthetic compounds

• Substituted hydrocarbons

• Hydrocarbons

• Natural compounds

The valency of Oxygen is ...........

• Monovalent

• Divalent

• Trivalent

• Tetravalent

Ionic bonds are…..

• Formed by sharing of electrons

• Formed between atoms on the left side of the periodic table

• Formed by transfer of electrons

• Formed between atoms on the right side of the periodic table

Hybridization of ethene (CH₂=CH₂) carbons are ….

• sp³

• sp²

• SP

• P

The geometry of ethyne (CH≡CH) is .....................

• Tetrahedral

• Triagonal

• Linear

• Circular