Purification Techniques

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A distillation process produces at least ___ output fractions.

• one

• two

• three

• four

One volatile distillate fraction (the ___ fraction), which has boiled and been separately captured as a vapor condensed to a liquid.

• top

• bottom

• middle

One least volatile residue (the ___ fraction) that has not been separately captured as a condensed vapour.

• top

• bottom

• middle

The residue, concentrated in the least volatile components, is removed at the ___ of the column. The distillate, containing the most volatile components, is obtained at the ___.

• increase, decrease

• decrease, increase

• top, bottom

• bottom, top

The reboiler heats the liquid at the bottom of the column, driving the ___ generated up the column.

• vapour

• residue

• liquid

• solid

Any vapour reaching the top of the column (Overheads) is cooled and condensed in the ___.

• Reboiler

• Reflux

• Condenser

• Tank

A proportion of the overheads is returned to the top of the column as ___.

• Reboiler

• Reflux

• Condenser

• Tank

The ___ section removes the less volatile components from the up-flowing vapour – i.e. it enriches the lighter components.

• rectifying

• stripping

• reboiler

• reflux

The ___ section removes the lighter components from the residue.

• rectifying

• stripping

• reboiler

• reflux