AP Psych U4 Review

Our sense of smell may be a powerful trigger for memories because

• we are conditioned from birth to make strong connections between smells and events.

• the receptors at the top of each nostril connect with the cortex.

• the nerve connecting the olfactory bulb sends impulses directly to the limbic system.

• smell is a powerful cue for encoding memories into long term memory.

• strong smells encourage us to process events deeply so they will most likely be remembered.

The cochlea is responsible for

• transmitting vibrations received by the eardrum to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.

• transforming vibrations into neural signals.

• protecting the surface of the eye.

• coordinating impulses from the rods and cones in the retina.

• sending messages to the brain about orientation of the head and body.

In a perception research lab, you are asked to describe the shape of the top of a box as the box is slowly rotated. Which concept are the researchers most likely investigating?

• Shape constancy.

• Feature detectors in the retina.

• Feature detectors in the occipital lobe.

• Placement of rods and cones in the retina.

• Binocular depth cues.

The blind spot in our eye results from

• retinal damage from bright light.

• floating debris in the space between the lens and the retina.

• competing processing between the visual cortices in the left and right hemisphere.

• the shadow the pupil makes on the retina.

• the lack of receptors at the spot where the optic nerve connects to the retina.

Smell and taste are called _______ because ________

• flavor senses; smell and taste combine to create flavor.

• energy senses; they send impulses to the brain in the form of electrical energy.

• chemical senses; they send impulses to the brain in the form of chemicals.

• chemical senses; they detect chemicals in what we taste and smell.

• memory senses; they both have powerful connections to memory.

What is the principal difference between amplitude and frequency in the context of sound waves?

• Amplitude is the tone or timbre of a sound, whereas frequency is the pitch.

• Amplitude is detected in the cochlea, whereas frequency is detected in the auditory cortex.

• Amplitude is the height of the sound wave, whereas frequency is a measure of how frequently the sound waves pass a given point.

• Both measure qualities of sound, but frequency is a more accurate measure since it measures the shapes of the waves rather than the strength of the waves.

• Frequency is a measure for light waves, whereas amplitude is a measure for sound waves.

Weber’s law determines

• absolute threshold.

• focal length of the eye.

• level of subliminal messages.

• amplitude of sound waves.

• just-noticeable difference.

Gate-control theory refers to

• which sensory impulses are transmitted from each sense.

• which pain messages are perceived.

• interfering sound waves, causing some waves to be undetected.

• the gate at the optic chiasm controlling the destination hemisphere for visual information from each eye.

• how our minds choose to use either bottom-up or top-down processing.

If you had sight in only one eye, WOTF depth cues could you NOT use?

• Texture gradient.

• Convergence.

• Linear perspective.

• Interposition.

• Shading.

WOTF sentences best describes the relationship between sensation and perception?

• Sensation is a strictly mechanical process, whereas perception is a cognitive process.

• Perception is an advanced form of sensation.

• Sensation happens in the senses, whereas perception happens in the brain.

• Sensation is detecting stimuli, perception is interpreting stimuli detected.

• Sensation involves learning and expectations, and perception does not.