Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem

The general impossibility theorem was given by:

• Samuel J. Bow

• Kenneth J. Arrow

• Samuel J. Arrow

• Kenneth J. Spear

•Arrow provided a striking answer to a basic problem of democracy:

• How can elections be made free and fair?

• How can vote counting be done fairly?

• How can preferences of many individuals be aggregated into social preferences?

• How can a democracy be made of the people, for the people and by the people?

Arrow proved that __________-. This proof is called Arrow's impossibility theorem

• a social welfare function is impossible to derive

• a social welfare function can’t be derived by a democratic vote

• an individual welfare function can’t be derived by a democratic vote

• individual welfare functions can’t be combined into a social welfare function

Arrow's impossibility theorem is a _____ paradox illustrating the flaws of ranked voting systems.

• social-choice

• individual-choice

• government-choice

• candidate-choice

Arrow's impossibility theorem states that ___________ while adhering to mandatory principles of fair voting procedures.

• a clear order of preferences can be determined

• an ambiguous order of preferences cannot be determined

• a clear order of preferences cannot be determined

• an ambiguous order of preferences can be determined

All of the following are conditions for a Social Welfare Function to reflect Individual Preferences EXCEPT:

• Unrestricted Domain and transitivity

• Social Welfare choices must not be responsive in opposite direction to changes in individual preferences

• Dictatorship

• Social Welfare choices must be independent of Irrelevant Alternatives

If candidate A ranks ahead of candidate B and candidate B ranks ahead of candidate C, then candidate A ranks ahead of candidate C. This means that Social Welfare choices must be _______.

• transparent

• transitive

• complete

• independant

The condition of Pareto efficiency in Social Welfare choices means all of the following EXCEPT:

• Unanimous individual preferences must be respected.

• if every voter prefers candidate A over candidate B, candidate may possibly win.

• If candidate A moves up in the ranking of one or more individuals and does not move down in the ranking of any other individual, then Candidate A cannot move down in the social welfare ranking.

• If every voter prefers candidate A over candidate B, candidate A should win.

The condition that wishes of multiple voters should be taken into consideration is known as the condition of ________.

• Variety

• Multiplicity

• Dictatorship

• Non-dictatorship

The condition that Social Welfare choices must be independent of Irrelevant Alternatives, implies all of the following EXCEPT:

• If a choice is removed, then the others' order should not change.

• If candidate A ranks ahead of candidate B, candidate A should still be ahead of candidate B, even if a third candidate, candidate C, is removed from participation.

• If a choice is removed, then the others' order should change.

• If candidate A ranks ahead of candidate B, candidate A should still be ahead of candidate B, even if a third and a fourth candidate, candidate C and D, are removed from participation.