The time required to propagate from the beginning of the link to router B

• transmission delay
• queueing delay
• nodal delay
• processing delay
• propagation delay

The sequence of communication links and packet switches traversed by a packet from the sending end system to the receiving end system

• regional ISP
• packet loss
• route (path)
• processing delay
• propagation delay

The ISP which connects to a tier-1 ISP is known as a

• regional ISP
• global ISP
• route (path)
• province ISP
• city ISP

The time required to examine the packet's header and determine where to direct the packet

• transmission delay
• queueing delay
• nodal delay
• processing delay
• propagation delay

Formula for d end-end (the end to end delay) → N(d proc + d trans + d prop)

• true
• false

Two common internet standards are IETF and RFCs

• true

• false

Laptops, smartphones, tablets, TVs, gaming consoles, Web cams, automobiles, environmental sensing devices, picture frames, and home electrical and security systems are all devices that fall under the category of end systems (hosts)

• true
• false

Two types of implementations of circuit-swithing

• geostationary satellites and low-earth orbiting satellites (LEO)
• Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Link, Pysical
• Application, Transport, Network, Link, and Physical
• Application, Transport, Network, Link, and Physical
• frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) and time-division multiplexing (TDM)

Two types of satellites used in communications) are active optical networks (AON) and passive optical networks (PON)

• true
• false

The time required to examine the packet's header and determine where to direct the packet is propagation delay

• true
• false