Fossils of vascular plants appear earlier in the fossil record than those of algae.

• True

• False

Which of the following is a trait that evolved in ALL land plants?

• protection of the embryo

• apical growth

• vascular tissue

• seeds

Evidence for the evolution of plants from a freshwater algal species is supported by all of the following EXCEPT:

• both green algae and plants have chlorophylls a and b and various accessory pigments.

• both green algae and plants store excess carbohydrates as starch and have cellulose in their cell walls.

• molecular evaluation of ribosomal RNA provides evidence of the evolutionary relationship of plants and green algae.

• plants and green algae share a significant number of structural similarities in root, stem, and leaf structures.

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation of plants to a terrestrial environment?

• a dominant sporophyte with vascular tissue

• a cuticle to prevent water loss from exposed parts of the plant

• the evolution of photosynthesis in order to supply the energy necessary to live on land

• stomata to regulate gas exchange with the atmosphere

All of the following are milestones in the evolution of plants EXCEPT

• nourishment of a multicellular embryo within the body of the female plant.

• the development of vascular tissues to conduct water and solutes throughout the body of the plant.

• seed production.

• the switch to chlorophyll as the primary photosynthetic pigment.

• flower production.

Molecular data suggests that land plants evolved from

• charophytes.

• rhodophyta.

• dinoflagellates.

• the water molds.

• ciliates.

Molecular data shows that land plants and charophytes

• are in different clades and form a polyphyletic group.

• are in the same clade and form a monophyletic group.

• do not share common ancestry.

• are in the same clade but form a polyphyletic group.

• are in different clades but form a monophyletic group.

Which of the following features would have helped early plant ancestors evolve to a terrestrial existence?

• a cuticle

• apical cells

• plasmodesmata

• placenta

• All of these features would have helped.

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation of plants to life on land?

• protection of the embryo from drying out

• waxy cuticle on leaves to prevent drying out

• waxy cuticle on roots to prevent drying out

• vascular system (in most plants) to move water internally

A characteristic of land plants is the presence of small openings, found mostly on the underside of leaves, that allow gas exchange between the plant and its environment. These structures are called

• cuticles.

• stomata.

• thallus.

• rhizoids.

• chloroplasts.