apush test bank unit 2

“English expectations of the New World and its inhabitants died hard. America was supposed to be a land of abundance, peopled by natives who would not only share that abundance with the English but increase it under English direction. Englishmen simply did not envisage a need to work for the mere purpose of staying alive. The problem of survival as they saw it was at best political and at worst military.

Although Englishmen long remained under the illusion that the Indians would eventually become useful English subjects, it became apparent fairly early that Indian labor was not going to sustain the founders of Jamestown [Virginia].”

— Edmund S. Morgan, historian, “The Labor Problem at Jamestown, 1607–18,” published in 1971

In the first half of the 1600s, American Indians in Virginia and Maryland most typically responded to the English colonization described in the excerpt by?

• organizing communities to adopt English customs

• defending their territory against the English

• voluntarily moving further west, away from the English

• allying with the french to encounter English encroachment

“English expectations of the New World and its inhabitants died hard. America was supposed to be a land of abundance, peopled by natives who would not only share that abundance with the English but increase it under English direction. Englishmen simply did not envisage a need to work for the mere purpose of staying alive. The problem of survival as they saw it was at best political and at worst military.

Although Englishmen long remained under the illusion that the Indians would eventually become useful English subjects, it became apparent fairly early that Indian labor was not going to sustain the founders of Jamestown [Virginia].”

— Edmund S. Morgan, historian, “The Labor Problem at Jamestown, 1607–18,” published in 1971

Which of the following was a long-term result of the situation in Jamestown described in the excerpt?

• the rapid growth of family-centered towns and villages

• the prioritizing of trade and shipbuilding over agricultural production

• the rise of the plantation system and the use of African slaves

• the removal of the spanish and french military threats to regional control

“English expectations of the New World and its inhabitants died hard. America was supposed to be a land of abundance, peopled by natives who would not only share that abundance with the English but increase it under English direction. Englishmen simply did not envisage a need to work for the mere purpose of staying alive. The problem of survival as they saw it was at best political and at worst military.

Although Englishmen long remained under the illusion that the Indians would eventually become useful English subjects, it became apparent fairly early that Indian labor was not going to sustain the founders of Jamestown [Virginia].”

— Edmund S. Morgan, historian, “The Labor Problem at Jamestown, 1607–18,” published in 1971

compared to new England, early English settlement in Virginia and Maryland was characterized by?

• lower life expectancy, a larger population of indentured servants, and a greater gender imbalance

• lower life expectancy, many immigrants from spanish colonies, and a diversified economy

• higher life expectancy, government-organized at the village level, and an established church

• higher life expectancy, greater population diversity, and rapid urbanization

The trend in total population from 1670 to 1700 depicted on the graph is best explained by?

• Food scarcity and extensive malnutrition among African Americans

• Increases in life expectancy

• Large-scale European migration

• The spread of epidemic diseases among Native Americans

The population trend for African Americans depicted on the graph resulted most directly from which of the following?

• a decline in the birth rate among enslaved people

• the increased use of white indentured servants as a labor source

• the outlawing of international slave trade

• the development of an economy based on growing crops for export

By 1790, the population trend depicted on the graph led to the...?

• creation of new settlements on the western edge of territory occupied by european americans

• expansion of french influence in the great lakes region and in the mississippi river valley

• contraction of spanish mission settlements in california and the southwest

• reduction of conflicts between native americans and european americans

By the 1860s, the long-term effects of the population trends depicted on the graph most directly contributed to the?

• increased political tensions between the northern and southern states

• relocation of the remaining american indian groups to reservations in the dakotas

• faster population growth in the southern states than in the northern states

• redistribution of land in the south to african americans who cultivated it

Which of the following contributed most to the changes shown in the graph?

• loss of territory and access to natural resources

• the introduction of new plants and animals

• the introduction of new diseases

• warfare with europeans

Which of the following was the most direct effect of the changes shown in the graph?

• european settlers relied mainly on indentured servants and enslaved africans for labor

• trade between european settlers and native americans expanded

• conflicts among native american groups became more intense

• european settlers were able to gain control over native american lands

“In 1680 Pueblo leaders united most of their communities against the European intruders. In a matter of weeks, the Pueblos had eliminated Spaniards from New Mexico above El Paso. The natives had killed over 400 of the province’s 1,500 foreigners, destroyed or sacked every Spanish building, and laid waste to the Spaniards’ fields. There could be no mistaking the deep animosity that some natives, men as well as their influential wives and mothers, held toward their former oppressors Some Pueblo leaders urged an end to all things Spanish as well as Christian. After the fighting subsided, they counselled against speaking Castilian or planting crops introduced by the Europeans.”

David J. Weber, historian, The Spanish Frontier in North America, 1992

Which of the following most shaped the events described in the excerpt?

• The establishment of african slavery in the spanish colonies

• The demands of the encomienda system in the spanish colonies

• The amount of spanish intermarriage with native americans

• The importance of old world crops to the subsistence of spanish colonial subjects