1.2 Scientific investigation

A manipulated variable is a physical quantity

Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan ialah suatu kuantiti fizik

• with values fixed by the experimenter before carrying out the experiment

  yang nilainya ditetapkan oleh penyiasat sebelum menjalankan eksperimen.

• which is kept constant throughout the experiment

  yang nilainya ditetapkan sepanjang eksperimen

• with values of small magnitudes

  dengan nilai-nilai bermagnitud kecil

• with values of great accuracy

  dengan nilai-nilai yang mempunyai kejituan tinggi

Which of the following statements about variables is correct?

Manakah antara pernyataan berikut adalah betul mengenai pemboleh ubah?

• The manipulated variable must be a base quantity

  Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan mestilah kuantiti asas.

• The responding variable must be a derived quantity

  Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas mestilah kuantiti terbitan

• The accuracy of responding variable is less than the manipulated variable

  Kejituan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas adalah kurang daripada pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan

• The constant variable is kept constant throughout the experiment

  Pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan dijadikan tetap sepanjang eksperimen

Diagram 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the physics quantities P and Q. The unit for P is N m^-2 and the unit for gradient of the graph is N m^-5 . What is the unit for quantity Q?

• m^-3

• m^-1

• m¹

• m³

Diagram 2 shows the force-displacement (F-x) graph for a force acting on an object. Estimate the work done on the object if the work done is equal to the area under the graph of F-x.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan garf daya-sesaran (F-x) bagi suatu daya yang bertindak ke atas sebuah objek. Anggarkan kerja yang dilakukan ke atas objek itu jika kerja yang dilakukan adalah sama dengan luas di bawah graf F-x.

(KBAT)

• 5.4 J

• 5.6 J

• 5.8 J

• 28.0 J

Which graph shows correctly the relationship PQ = constant?

Graf yang manakah menunjukkan hubungan PQ = pemalar dengan betul?

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Diagram 3 shows the graph of the relationship between quantities p and q. Which of the following conclusions most accurately relates quantities p and q?

• p is proportional to q

• p increases as q increases

• p increases linearly with q

• the increase in p is two times the increase in q

The graph in Diagram 4 shows the relationship between p and q. If the unit of p is m² and the unit of q is m s^-1 , what is the unit of the gradient of the graph?

• m^-1 s

• m s^-1

• m^-1 s^-1

• m s

Which of the following graphs shows that quantity q is inversely proportional to quantity p?

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