Chapter 4 Solutions Review

Which statement best describes the structure of water and its nature as a solvent?

• The water molecule is polar and will dissolve polar molecules, such as sugar.

• The water molecule is polar and will not dissolve ionic compounds, such as salt.

• The water molecule is nonpolar and will dissolve polar molecules, such as vinegar.

• The water molecule is nonpolar and will dissolve nonpolar molecules, such as oil.

Students are examining the nature of water as a solvent. Water has a polar molecular structure.

For which of the compounds listed in the table would water not be an appropriate solvent?

• Salt (NaCl)

• Sugar (C6H12O6)

• Oil (C8H18)

• D Vinegar (CH3COOH)

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Students are examining the nature of water as a solvent. The students are provided with several chemicals and a table of selected properties.

Water is an effective solvent for -

• Sand only

• Glucose only

• Glucose and Charcoal

• Sadn, Charcoal, and oil only

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Water is able to act as a universal solvent because water molecules are -

• polar and have no net charge

• B nonpolar and have no net charge

• polar and have a slightly negative or positive charge

• nonpolar and have a slightly negative or positive charge

Water is a polar molecule that is able to act as a solvent for most compounds. The shared electrons in a water molecule spend more time around the oxygen atom than the hydrogen atoms.

Because of this unequal sharing of electrons, the hydrogen atoms are -

• Slightly positive

• Slightly negative

• Electrically neutral

• Varying with temperature

The diagram shows what occurs when water is used to dissolve a crystal of salt.

Which statement best explains why the water molecules surround each of the salt ions in such a specific way?

• Water has a very high specific heat and can absorb a great amount of thermal energy before experiencing a temperature increase.

• Water molecules expand when they freeze because of the hydrogen bonds that form between them causing the density of the water to decrease.

• Water molecules are held together with covalent bonds and react strongly when exposed to the alkali metals.

• Water molecules attract positive ions with the partially charged oxygen atom and negative ions with the partially charged hydrogen atoms.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

The picture above shows the shape and charges of a water molecule. This structure allows water to be a good solvent for which of the following?

• Polar molecules

• Nonpolar molecules

• All molecules

• Most solids

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

To increase the concentration of a solution, you would —

• increase the amount of solute

• increase the amount of solvent

• cool the solvent

• cool the solute

Solutions of ammonia (NH3) and water can be purchased at most grocery stores. What best explains why ammonia can dissolve in water?

• Ammonia is a polar covalent compound.

• Ammonia is a nonpolar covalent compound.

• Ammonia is an ionic compound.

• Pure ammonia is a solid at room temperature.

Explain what is meant by the phrase, "like dissolves like"?

• Polar dissolves Polar

• Nonpolar dissolves Nonpolar

• Polar dissolves Nonpolar

• Non of the above