When an animal dies, the once-living matter from the animal's body

• remains exactly the same for millions of years.

• is broken down and passes into the soil and air.

• disintegrates into small particles that eventually disappear.

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Like other consumers, all of the food energy that humans use once came from the

• sun

• soil

• ocean

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Which of the following is a type of waste created by consumers?

• blood vessels

• digestive juice

• carbon dioxide

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Bacteria have no way to store excess food, so in order to stay active, they

• store excess food as sugar like animals do.

• live in places where they can be surrounded by food sources.

• stay close to fungi and get energy from them.

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When a decomposer dies, its once-living material becomes waste. These wastes are then

• released into the air, soil and water of an ecosystem.

• converted into energy that can be used.

• further decomposed by producers and consumers.

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you build a compost pile using kitchen waste like egg shells and banana peels. Three weeks later, you check your compost. Which of the following observations is the best evidence of decomposition?

• There was no color change.

• The kitchen scraps became smaller over time.

• The kitchen scraps and container became cold in temperature.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which of the following describes the relationship between moisture and mold growth in your study?

• Moisture slows down the rate of mold growth.

• Moisture speeds up the rate of mold growth.

• Moisture is not required for mold growth.

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Decomposers need resources in order to grow and give off waste products. Which of the following is another way to measure mold growth each day of the experiment?

• Measure the amount of water contained in the plastic bag.

• Measure the amount of sugar contained in the plastic bag.

• Measure how much the sealed bags expand due to carbon dioxide release.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

Sharks are the highest-level consumers in the ocean, but because humans hunt them for food, their populations are decreasing by about 100 million sharks per year. You have to choose to make a model of a food chain or a food web to show how the loss of sharks might affect this coral reef. Which is the best choice and why?

• A food web is the best because it shows many foods that the shark eats.

• A food chain is the best because a food chain shows only one food that the shark eats.

• A food web is best because only food webs show how humans can change ecosystems.

• A food chain is best because it only shows consumers, while food webs, show producers and consumers.

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Producers, consumers, and decomposers use and recycle matter in an ecosystem. Carbon is solid matter that is recycled. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are gases that are recycled. How should the gray, purple and brown arrows be labeled to complete the model shown?

• A. gray: carbon dioxide; purple: oxygen; brown :carbon

• B. gray: oxygen; purple: carbon dioxide; brown : carbon

• C. gray: carbon dioxide; purple; carbon dioxide; brown: oxygen

• D. gray: carbon; purple: carbon dioxide; brown: oxygen

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