Internet review

Which of the following is a primary reason for the use of open protocols on the Internet?

• Open protocols allow devices to specify how data packets are to be routed on the Internet in advance.

• Open protocols ensure that all data transmission on the Internet is kept secure.

• Open protocols ensure that all Internet users are provided connections with equal bandwidth.

• Open protocols provide a way to standardize data transmission between different devices.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the World Wide Web and the Internet?

• The World Wide Web is a protocol that is accessed using a data stream called the Internet.

• The World Wide Web is a system of linked pages, programs, and files that is accessed using a data stream called the Internet.

• The World Wide Web is a system of linked pages, programs, and files that is accessed via a network called the Internet.

• The World Wide Web is a Web site that is accessed using a protocol called the Internet.

The following figure represents a network of physically linked devices labeled P through S. A line between two devices indicates a connection. Devices can communicate only through the connections shown. Which of the following statements best explains the ability of the network to provide fault tolerance?

• The network is considered fault-tolerant because there are redundant paths between each pair of devices.

• The network is considered fault-tolerant because it guarantees that no individual component will fail.

• The network is not considered fault-tolerant because it relies on physical connections.

• The network is not considered fault-tolerant because it provides more paths than are needed.

Which of the following best explains how fault tolerance in a network is achieved?

• By providing high-bandwidth connections between devices, enabling data packets to be transmitted as quickly as possible

• By providing multiple paths between devices, enabling routing to occur even in the presence of a failed component

• By providing open network protocols, ensuring that all devices on the network are interacting in a standard way

• By providing software to monitor all network traffic, ensuring that data packets are sent and received in the proper order

Which of the following best explains how the Internet is a fault-tolerant system?

• The Internet is fault-tolerant because cybercriminals can conceal their actions, allowing them the ability to carry out faulty actions without leaving a trace.

• The Internet is fault-tolerant because there are usually multiple paths between devices, allowing messages to sometimes be sent even when parts of the network fail.

• The Internet is fault-tolerant because users can transmit messages using a variety of different protocols, allowing them to use devices from any manufacturer.

• The Internet is fault-tolerant because users usually understand and accept the fact that servers sometimes fail, allowing network engineers to repair faulty devices as quickly as possible.

Which of the following is a primary benefit of making a computing system fault-tolerant?

• If one component of the system fails, users of the system can often still access it.

• If one component of the system is hacked, no information will be stolen.

• If the system becomes too expensive, making it fault-tolerant will save money.

• If the system cannot operate efficiently, making it fault-tolerant will speed up its operation.

The figure below represents a network of physically linked devices, labeled A through H. A line between two devices indicates a connection. Devices can communicate only through the connections shown.

What is the minimum number of connections that would need to be removed from the network in order for device A to not be able to communicate with device F?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Which of the following actions is most likely to help reduce the digital divide?

• Adding a requirement that all users of a popular social media site link their accounts with a phone number.

• Deploying satellites and other infrastructure to provide inexpensive Internet access to remote areas of Earth

• Digitizing millions of books from university libraries, making their full text available online

• Offering improved Internet connections to Internet users who are willing to pay a premium fee for more bandwidth

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a contributing factor to the digital divide?

• Some individuals and groups are economically disadvantaged and cannot afford computing devices or Internet connectivity.

• Some individuals and groups do not have the necessary experience or education to use computing devices or the Internet effectively.

• Some parents prefer to limit the amount of time their children spend using computing devices or the Internet.

• Some residents in remote regions of the world do not have access to the infrastructure necessary to support reliable Internet connectivity.

Which of the following actions is most likely to be effective in reducing the digital divide at a local level?

• Creating an application that offers coupons and discounts for local businesses

• Offering a discount to utility customers who pay their bills online instead of by mail

• Providing free community access to computers at schools, libraries, and community centers

• Requiring applicants for local government jobs to complete an online application