WJEC A2 Psychology: Hardy personality and stress

Who proposed the theory that those with hardy personality are less prone to suffer the negative effects of stress?

• Kobasa
• Friedman & Rosenman
• Kabala
• Kinshasa

The hardy personality consists of which three personality traits?

• Competence, control and challenge
• Consistency, control and challenge
• Commitment, control and cheerfulness
• Commitment, control and challenge

Kobasa (1979) states that psychological hardiness acts as a ______ (or protection) against the negative effects of stress.

• baffle
• buffon
• buffer
• button

Which hardy characteristic is described? "Hardy individuals have a sense of purpose in life. They do not go through the motions but tackle tasks head on, as though they want to rather than have to."

• Commitment
• Control
• Challenge
• All other options

Which hardy characteristic is described? "Hardy individuals see themselves as being in charge of their lives. If they do not have the skills to succeed at a task then they will acquire them."

• Commitment

• Control

• Challenge

• All other options

Which hardy characteristic is described? "Problems are seen as a challenge rather than an obstacle. Because of this, hardy individuals are willing to devote the necessary time and energy to complete tasks."

• Commitment

• Control

• Challenge

• All other options

Kobasa suggested that training to increase an individual's three Cs would improve their resistance to stress. Name this training.

• Hopefulness training
• Helplessness training
• Hardiness training
• Happiness training

Which researchers found hardiness training was significantly more effective than other stress coping methods, e.g. relaxation and meditation.

• Maddeley et al. (1988)
• Maddi et al. (1998)
• Moscovici et al. (1969)
• Holmes & Rahe (1967)