Language and Identity (Chapter 2)

Individuals' histories are defined by .............

• their membership in a range of social groups into which they are born such as gender, social class, religion and race.

• their membership in a range of social groups into which they are educated.

• their membership in a range of political groups.

• their membership in a range of cultiral groups.

Social identities ...........

• are simply labels that we fill with our own intentions.

• embody particular histories that have been developed in our childhood by group members enacting similar roles.

• encompasses participant roles, positions, relationships, reputations, and other dimensions of social personae, which are conventionally linked to epistemic and affective stances.

• encompasses participant roles, positions, relationships, reputations, and other dimensions of social personae, which are not linked to epistemic and affective stances.

According to Pierre Bourdieu, our habitus are .........

• the historically grounded, socially constituted knowledge, skills, beliefs and attitudes comprising our various social identities.

• the politically constituted knowledge, and attitudes comprising our various identities.

• stimuli predisposing us to feel in particular ways.

• all knowledge, skills, beliefs and attitudes not comprising our various social identities

A sociocultural perspective views agency as ......

• an inherent motivation of individuals.

• an indorn motivation of individuals.

• the socioculturally mediated capacity to act.

• the inborn capacity to act.

Individual identity is .........

• the situated outcome of a rhetorical and interpretive process in which interactants make situationally motivated selections from socially constituted repertoires of identificational and affiliational resources and craft these semiotic resources into identity claims for presentation to others.

• the situated outcome of a rhetorical process in which interactants make situationally motivated selections from socially constituted repertoires of identificational and affiliational resources.

• the situation which interactants make situationally motivated selections from socially constituted repertoires of identificational resources and craft these semiotic resources into identity claims for presentation to others.

• the situated outcome of a rhetorical and interpretive process in which interactants make situationally motivated selections from socially constituted repertoires of identificational.

Define the relationship between individual identity and language use ..........

• Identity is constantly interactively constructed on a microlevel, where an individual’s identity is claimed, contested and re-constructed in interaction and in relation to the other participants.

• Identity is temporarily constructed on a macro level, where an individual’s identity is claimed, contested and re-constructed in interaction and in relation to the other participants.

• Identity is randomly constructed on a macrolevel, where an individual’s identity is claimed, contested and re-constructed with no interaction with the other participants.

• Identity is constantly interactively constructed on a microlevel, where an individual’s identity is claimed, contested and re-constructed with no interaction with the other participants.

Accroding to Anthony Giddens, theory of structuration is ...........

• individual agency is a semiotic activity, a social construction, something that has to be routinely created and sustained in the reflexive activities of the individual.

• individual agency is a semiotic activity, a social construction, something that has to be routinely created and sustained in the reflexive activities of the cultural group.

• collective agency is a semiotic activity, a social construction, something that has to be routinely created and sustained in the reflexive activities of the individual.

• cultural and political agency is a semiotic activity, a social construction, something that has to be routinely created by the group.

Social structures are ........

• conventionalised, established ways of doing things.

• conventionalised, established ways of perceving environmnet.

• random, temporary ways of doing things.

• culturally conditioned, established ways of doing things.

According to the theory of structuration, the basic domain of study of the social sciences are .........

• social practices ordered across space and time. Human social activities, like some self-reproducing items in nature, are recursive.

• the experience of the individual actor.

• the existence of any form of social totality.

• the experience of the individual actor. Human social activities, like some self-reproducing items in nature, are recursive.

Accroding to the article, identity in socio-cultural perspective is seen as ................

• singular, fixed, and intrinsic to the individual

• socially constituted, a reflexive, dynamic product of the social, historical and political contexts of an individual’s lived experiences

• socially constituted, a reflexive, dynamic product of the political contexts of an individual’s lived experiences

• multiple, flexible, and intrinsic to the individual