Blood Evidence Review

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

• carry gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide

• are part of the immune system and fight off invaders

• contain antibodies

• repair damaged blood cells

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The immune system functions to protect our bodies by identifying cells or molecules that are foreign, such as:

• viruses

• bacteria

• red blood cells of a different type of antigen

• all of the above

White blood cells secrete proteins that help with immune response. Those proteins are called

• antibodies

• antigens

• parasites

• platelets

Blood typing is less expensive and quicker for analyzing blood evidence than DNA profiling. Since many different people share the same type, this blood evidence is considered to be:

• trace evidence

• biological evidence

• individual evidence

• class evidence

The presence or absence of particular proteins, found embedded within a cell or plasma membranes of red blood cells, determines a person’s:

• DNA

• surface proteins

• blood type

• Rh Factor

Each blood type is determined by a(n)

• protein reaction test

• RF factor test

• DNA reaction test

• antibody reaction test

A and B proteins are found on the surface of some red blood cells. If a person’s blood contains both the A and the B proteins, then he or she has:

• type O blood

• type AB blood

• type A blood

• type B blood

In 1940, Alexander Weiner, working with Rhesus monkeys, noticed another type of red cell protein. This red cell protein, called RH factor, is on the red blood cells of:

• 65% of the human population

• 25% of the human population

• 85% of the human population

• 50% of the human population

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Of the four main human blood types using the ABO system, the largest percentage of the U.S. population is made up of:

• Type A

• Type B

• Type O

• Type AB

Today blood splatter evidence is used to explain events at:

• all crime scenes

• most crime scenes

• violent crime scenes