Chapter 5

Which of the following best explains why children and adolescents sometimes behave in irrational ways?

• The prefrontal cortex does not finish developing until well into adulthood.

• Parents and other caretakers transfer control only when children enter adolescence.

• Experiences in early childhood, rather than adulthood, powerfully influence brain development.

• Symptoms of schizophrenia usually do not develop until middle age.

Which of the following best describes mindfulness meditation?

• Cultivating positive emotions

• Being aware of the present moment

• Nurturing strong personal relationships

• Identifying and using strengths

Which of the following best describes self-efficacy?

• An ability to mute the inner critic

• An individual’s faith in his own competence

• A tendency to degrade oneself

• An ability to love and forgive others

Which of the following statements is true about the effects of exercise, physical activity, or meditation on the functions of the brain?

• Regular physical activity increases the risk of dementia and depression.

• Meditation hastens the otherwise gradual loss in gray matter.

• Regular physical activity protects against cognitive decline.

• Exercise inhibits the release of neurotransmitters that elevate moods.

Identify the correct statement about factors contributing to poor mental health.

• History of mental illness in the family insulates a person from poor mental health.

• Children born to traumatized mothers are less likely to suffer mental illness when they grow up.

• Inflammatory chemicals associated with obesity lessen the risk of mental illness.

• The compulsive use of mobile devices have been linked to a decline in social, physical, mental, and emotional health.

Mental health affects physical health and vice versa.

• True

• False

Strenuous exercise releases endogenous opioids such as endorphins.

• True

• Falst

Everyone exposed to a traumatic event will eventually develop posttraumatic stress disorder.

• True

• False

Which of the following statements is true about the nervous system?

• Effector neurons send impulses about sensory stimuli from periphery to the central nervous system.

• The last part of the cerebrum to mature is the prefrontal cortex.

• The brain develops from outer layers to inner layers.

• All cells in the human brain are neurons.

Which of the following best describes self-efficacy?

• An ability to mute the inner critic

• An individual’s faith in his own competence

• A tendency to degrade oneself

• An ability to love and forgive others