SB1a EOC Review 1

An important organelle found in eukaryotic cells produces ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA, also known as rRNA. It then sends the subunits out to the rest of the cell where they combine into complete ribosomes. Ribosomes make proteins; therefore, this organelle plays a vital role in making proteins in the cell. What is this organelle?

• centriole

• lysosome

• mitochondria

• nucleolus

Distinguish between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell by selecting the accurate statements that apply to eukaryotic cells. Check all that apply.

• Only eukaryotic cells have flagella.

• Only eukaryotic cells have mitochondria.

• Only eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane.

• Only eukaryotic cells have an endoplasmic reticulum.

• Only eukaryotic cells have DNA enclosed in a nucleus.

The table here shows four distinct types of cells with the presence or absence of particular organelles denoted by a - (absent) or a + (present).

A researcher claims that all living cells must be able to synthesize proteins in order to maintain homeostasis and perform basic functions. What statement supports the scientist's claim?

• Ribosomes are required for protein synthesis, and all four cell types can synthesize proteins.

• Nuclei house the DNA, which is the blueprint for proteins. Cell types I, II, and III can synthesize proteins.

• Cell walls are required for cells to maintain their shape to manufacture proteins. Cell types II, III, and IV can synthesize proteins.

• Cells require lysosomes to digest cellular components to convert them into proteins. Only cell types I and III can synthesize proteins.

Diabetes is a disease where the body is unable to produce enough insulin in the pancreas to help lower the levels of blood glucose. Insulin is a peptide hormone. Which two organelles are most responsible for producing insulin in the pancreas?

• nucleus and ribosome

• nucleus and mitochondria

• ribosome and mitochondria

• golgi apparatus and lysosome

According to the Endosymbiotic Theory, infoldings in the cell membrane of an ancestral prokaryotic cell gave rise to endomembrane components, including the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus in what would become eukaryotic cells. The evolution of endomembrane components provided for compartmentalization in eukaryotes, leading to more efficiency in cell processes. Which part of the endomembrane system provides a mechanism for transporting proteins from the rough ER to the golgi apparatus?

• vesicle

• lysosome

• smooth ER

• peroxisome