Cohesion

Referencing

Cohesion is an important feature of academic writing. ____ can help ensure that your writing coheres or 'sticks together'. You can achieve _____ by paying attention to five key features. The first of ____ is reference words.

• Cohesion / cohesion / these cohesive elements

• These / those / this

• It / this / these

• These / this / these

Referencing

Definition: Words or phrases used to avoid ______ that do not have ________ themselves but refer to something else in the text for their _______.

• repetition / function / existence

• grammatical errors / function / existence

• grammatical errors / function / meaning

• repetition / meaning /meaning

Definition: Ellipsis means ______ one or more words because the meaning is _____ from the context.

• adding / not clear

• removing / clear

Which sentence contain ellipsis?

A) The main findings, and the secondary, have been disputed in recent years.

B) Some of the water which falls as rain flows on the surface as streams. Another part of the water is evaporated.

• A

• B

• Both

• None

Linkers/Conjunctions

Complete the following phrases with the correct conjunctions.

1.) The authors agreed on the prevalence of the problem; _________, they disagreed on the problem’s cause.

2.) _________the students _______ the teachers were satisfied with the pilot program.

• therefore /either ... or

• however / either ... or

• therefore / both ... and

• however / both ... and

Definition: Linkers/conjunctions connect words, phrases, clauses, or _______, that work together to make the progression of your ideas clear and fluent.

• sentences

• paragraphs

• topic sentences

Lexical cohesion

Choose the most suitable words to complete the text.

The government’s election campaign commenced with a media blitz outlining a series of election promises. This ________ to the _________ sparked numerous media commentaries.

• commencement / campaign

• beginning / campaign

• commencement / crusade

Lexical cohesion

Definition: When nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs in a text relate to each other in some way. They might relate to through ______ or _____.

• spelling / antonyms

• repetition / synonyms

• tone / synonyms

• language / antonyms

Shell nouns

Definition: Shell nouns summarize something complicated or abstract which has been written earlier.

Identify the shell nouns.

In cities, the most pervasive form of pollution is caused by heavy traffic, particularly diesel vehicles and buses. This problem is exacerbated in hot weather and when the air is still.

• form of pollution

• heavy traffic

• This problem

• hot weather

Identify the shell noun.

An increasing number of overseas students are attending university in the UK. This trend has led to increased support networks for overseas students.

• An increasing number of overseas students

• This trend

• increased support networks

• overseas students