29: OCR Sleep - Williams et al

Which theory did the study aim to support?

• Activation synthesis theory

• Eysenck's theory

• Freud's theory

• Social learning theory

Which method did the researchers use to investigate dreams and fantasies?

• field experiment

• lab experiment

• observations

• self-report (diaries)

What type of data did the study generate?

• qualitative

• quantitative

• both

Answer explanation

The dream diaries were qualitative (verbal) data. This was then coded and numerical data on each code was collected, so it was made into quantitative data for analysis.

The dreams were coded and then given a score for what?

• bizarreness

• intelligence

• interestingness

• sensibleness

The three judges agreed on their bizarreness score for each report 80% of the time. This means the study had high _____________ validity

• construct

• ecological

• inter-rater

What results did they find?

• Dreams had higher bizarreness scores than fantasies

• Fantasies had higher bizarreness scores than dreams

• Both had high bizarreness scores

• Both had low bizarreness scores

Answer explanation

Dreams scored 0.223, fantasies 0.089

The sample had low population validity - click on all the reasons why.

• There were only 12 of them

• They were all students at Harvard University

• There were two men and 10 women

• They were all biopsychology students

The method is open to which kind of bias?

• cultural bias

• researcher bias

• social desirability bias

• questioning bias

Tick the problems with relying on people to write down their dreams and fantasies.

• They might lie due to social desirability bias

• They might not remember accurately

• They might get embarrassed and leave details out

• They might have added meaning to what they actually dreamed

Changing qualitative data into quantitative means the results may lack _________ validity.

• construct

• ecological

• population