PLTW MI: Unit 1 Review

1.) Which of the following is most responsible for an outbreak?

• Antibodies

• Pathogens

• Genomes

• Plasmids

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

2.) PCR is used to

• cut DNA

• clone cells

• copy DNA sequences

• create recombinant DNA

3.) Primers in PCR reactions are made up of

• a.) double stranded DNA

• b.) single stranded DNA

• c.) protein chains

• d.) tagged nucleotides

4.) During the ELISA test, the secondary antibody was attached to an enzyme. What happens when that enzyme becomes attached to the substrate?

• a.) The enzyme and the substrate reacted with the primary antibody and caused a color change.

• b.) The enzyme and the substrate work worked together to destroy the antigen, resulting in a color change.

• c.) The enzyme caused the substrate to change, resulting in a color change.

• d.) The substrate caused the enzyme to change, resulting in a color change.

5.) In what order should you add the reagents to perform an ELISA test?

• a.) Primary antibody, antigen sample, enzyme-linked secondary antibody, substrate

• b.) Antigen sample, primary antibody, enzyme-linked secondary antibody, substrate

• c.) Substrate, enzyme-linked secondary antibody, antigen samples

• d.) Primary antibody, enzyme-linked secondary antibody, antigen samples, substrate

6.) ________ have surface _________ where _________ attach.

• a.) antibodies, pathogens, antigens

• b.) antigens, antibodies, pathogens

• c.) pathogens, antibodies, antigens

• d.) pathogens, antigens, antibodies

7.) An outbreak of a disease has been spreading through a small community. Using samples taken from infected patients, which of the following tests BEST enable doctors at the CDC to identify an unknown pathogen from the outbreak?

• a.) Determine the sequence of the pathogen's DNA with an automated sequencer and then amplify key genes using PCR.

• b.) Determine the sequence of the pathogen's DNA using recombinant DNA methods and then amplify the sequence using PCR.

• c.) Use an automated sequencer to determine the nucleotide sequence of the samples, then compare these sequences with known organisms using BLAST.

• d.) Use PCR to amplify the genome of the infected patients, then BLAST the genome results.

8.) Which of the following is a medical intervention?

• a.) PCR

• b.) BLAST

• c.) DNA sequencing

• d.) All of the above

9.) What career combines molecular biology and computer analysis?

• a.) diagnostic imaging

• b.) genetics

• c.) bioinformatics

• d.) microbiology

10.) Place the following processes for using DNA for bacterial identification in order:

1. obtain bacterial DNA by bursting open bacterial cells with enzymes

2. Determine the sequence of bacterial DNA by reading the order of fluorescent nucleotides

3. Use BLAST to match the bacterial sequence to known organisms

4. Use specific primers and PCR to amplify specific pieces of bacterial DNA.

5. Use fluorescent tagged nucleotides in sequencing PCR.

• a.) 1, 4, 5, 2, 3

• b.) 1, 4, 3, 5, 2

• c.) 1, 2, 5, 3, 4

• d.) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5