Unit 5- Indigenous Americas

This fan demonstrates the Aztec tradition of

• repoussé

• back-strap loom weaving

• relief carving

• featherwork

The use of imported materials such as tiny colored glass beads and silk ribbons on Bandolier bags were intended to show the

• desire for the bags’ materials to reflect light during ceremonial dances

• extinction of the animals that had provided traditional materials

• political power of the wearer, who received the materials as tributes

• function of the bags as indications of the wearers’ social status

San Ildefonso Pueblo artist Maria Martínez achieved the decorative black-on-black effect of the ceramic vessel shown by

• painting it with carbon-based pigments after firing

• firing it outdoors using an oxygen-reduction technique

• firing it in a closed kiln at a controlled temperature

• mixing the wet clay with pigments made from obsidian

This illustration of an ancient stele from Chavín de Huántar demonstrates the use of contour rivalry through

• the use of ambiguous shapes that can be interpreted as multiple depictions of different forms

• the inclusion of both frontal and profile views to present the figure’s full body

• the use of repeated curling shapes to contrast with the vertical and horizontal lines in the image

• the inclusion of abstract forms that imply the movements of the artist’s body

Although the Inkan capital city of Cusco was largely destroyed by invading Spaniards, many scholars believe that Cusco was originally laid out in the shape of a puma, a symbol of Inkan royal power, on the basis of

• written narratives by Inkan court historians

• extensive modern archaeological projects

• comparisons to the layout of Machu Picchu

• early written accounts by the Spanish

The Coyolxauhqui Stone was placed at the foot of the Templo Mayor staircase in order to communicate to the Mexica audience that the goddess

• was an important deity of warfare

• was associated with the underworld

• had been transformed into corn following her death

• had been thoroughly humiliated and defeated

The detail of a stone wall demonstrates Inka expertise with

• ashlar masonry

• corbeling

• bas-relief

• buttressing

The round room in the foreground of the photograph is a

• stupa

• atrium

• kiva

• mihrab

The fact Lady Xoc is the focus of Yaxchilán lintels, such as the one shown, underscores the

• role of women in Mayan society as protectors of homes and sacred places

• power and influence of the royal women of Yaxchilán in determining rulership

• everyday nature of royal participation in Mayan ritual bloodletting ceremonies

• belief of the Maya that only royal women were able to connect with spirits

Which of the following sources has been used by scholars of Yaxchilán to support the theory that the lintel carvings of Structure 23 were intended to reinforce Shield Jaguar II’s rule?

• Contemporary Maya celebrations that mark significant passages in people’s lives

• Translations of the glyphic inscriptions that accompany the image on Lintel 25

• Translations of existing codices that were originally stored in Structure 23

• Analysis of transcriptions of oral history that were made by the Spanish