Industrial Revolution

The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late 19th century by providing railroad corporations with

• cash grants from new taxes

• land grants and loans

• cash grants from higher taxes

• reduced prices for iron and steel

The greatest economic consequence of the transcontinental railroad network was that it

• enabled farmers to make a highly profitable living by shipping their goods across the nation.

• enabled people from farms and small towns to visit the big cities.

• united the nation into a single integrated national market.

• developed a skilled industrial workforce.

The US changed to standardized time zones when

• Congress passed a law establishing this system.

• the major rail lines decreed common fixed times so they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks.

• factories demanded standard time schedules.

• long-distance telephones required standard time coordination.

The two industries that the transcontinental railroads most significantly expanded were

• textiles and fishing.

• mining and agriculture.

• banking and finance.

• shipping and fishing.

All of the following were important factors in post-Civil War industrialization expansion except

• a large pool of unskilled labor.

• a political climate favoring business.

• American ingenuity and inventiveness.

• immigration restrictions.

The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the

• Federal Trade Commission.

• Interstate Commerce Commission.

• Consumer Affairs Commission.

• Federal Anti-Trade Commission.

Which of the following was not among the critical US raw materials, delivered by railroads to factories, that fueled early industrialization?

• Rubber

• Iron

• Coal

• Copper

The major incentive that drove captains of industry to invent machines was

• lucrative government grants that were offered to would be investors.

• a chance to strike it rich via technological innovation.

• that machines would enable them to replace expensive skilled workers with cheap unskilled workers.

• that machines could do the work five times faster than humans did.

2 technological innovations that greatly expanded the industrial employment of women in the late 19th century were the

• typewriter and telephone.

• electric light and phonograph.

• electric refrigerator and stove.

• streetcar and the bicycle.

Andrew Carnegie's system of vertical integration

• combined all facets of an industry, from raw material to final product, within a single company.

• created an industrial association through which member companies could wield much power.

• embraced the notion of buying up competitors and forming a monopoly interest.

• required smaller competitors to agree to standardized rates set by larger firms.