One contribution that John Locke made to Enlightenment philosophy was the idea that

• absolute monarchies should continue

• the punishment should fit the crime

• individual rights should be denied

• governments should be based on the consent of the people

According to John Locke, the chief role of government was to

• protect natural rights

• fight territorial wars

• ensure the wealth of citizens

• redistribute land

Locke’s Two Treatises of Government, Rousseau’s The Social Contract, and Montesquieu’s The Spirit of the Laws were works written during which time period?

• Middle Ages

• Renaissance

• Enlightenment

• Reformation

Which period of history had the greatest influence on the Enlightenment ideas of natural law and reason?

• Pax Romana

• Middle Ages

• Age of Exploration

• Scientific Revolution

Base your answers to the following questions on the quotation below and on your knowledge of social studies. “. . . Finally, gather together all that we have said, so great and so august [important], about royal authority. You have seen a great nation united under one man: you have seen his sacred power, paternal and absolute: you have seen that secret reason which directs the body politic, enclosed in one head: you have seen the image of God in kings, and you will have the idea of majesty of kingship. God is holiness itself, goodness itself, power itself, reason itself. In these things consists the divine majesty. In their reflection consists the majesty of the prince. . . .” — Jacques-Benigne Bossuet

Which concept is associated with this quotation?

• Imperialism

• divine right

• socialism

• direct democracy

Base your answers to the following questions on the quotation below and on your knowledge of social studies. “. . . Finally, gather together all that we have said, so great and so august [important], about royal authority. You have seen a great nation united under one man: you have seen his sacred power, paternal and absolute: you have seen that secret reason which directs the body politic, enclosed in one head: you have seen the image of God in kings, and you will have the idea of majesty of kingship. God is holiness itself, goodness itself, power itself, reason itself. In these things consists the divine majesty. In their reflection consists the majesty of the prince. . . .” — Jacques-Benigne Bossuet

Which individual most likely opposed the form of government described in this quotation?

• Ivan the Terrible

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Louis XIV

Which statement expresses an idea of the Enlightenment?

• The king is sacred and answers only to God.

• History is a continuous struggle between social classes.

• Those who are the most fit will survive and succeed.

• All individuals have natural rights

Philosophers of the Enlightenment period believed that society could best be improved by (1) relying on faith and divine right (2) borrowing ideas from ancient Greece and Rome (3) applying reason and the laws of nature (4) studying the practices of successful leaders Cities of 100,000 to 300,000 people 605-21

• borrowing ideas from ancient Greece and Rome

• applying reason and the laws of nature

• relying on faith and divine right

• studying the practices of successful leaders Cities of 100,000 to 300,000 people

Which idea became a central belief of the Enlightenment?

• The use of reason would lead to human progress

• Mathematics could be used to solve all human problems.

• The ancient Romans had the best form of government

• People should give up their natural rights to their rulers

Which solution would Baron de Montesquieu offer to avoid the enactment of tyrannical laws? (1) granting freedom of speech (2) reinstating absolute monarchies (3) separating the branches of government (4) limiting natural laws

• granting freedom of speech

• reinstating absolute monarchies

• separating the branches of government

• limiting natural laws