Civil liberties are

• freedoms that are not specified in the Constitution or in statutory laws, but make up the Unwritten Constitution.

• the rights to vote and participate in the political process in a democracy.

• citizensʹ rights to equal treatment under the law.

• individual legal and constitutional protections against the government.

Freedom of Religion under the First Amendment is articulated by which clause(s)?

• Commerce

• Due Process

• Establishment

• Exercise

• Privileges & immunities

Since the early 1900s, the Supreme Court has slowly nationalized the individual rights and freedoms from the Bill of rights, making them applicable to states and municipalities. This process in known as:

• Inclination

• Indoctrination

• Incorporation

• Immunization

• Raider Nation! Silver and black for life, cuh!

The Supreme Court overturned the city ordinance in Church of LukumiBabalu Aye Inc. v. City of Hialeah and allowed animal sacrifice because

• there was no compelling state interest.

• there was no clear and present danger

• the city's ban violated an individual's right to due process.

• the city's ban violated an individual's guarantee of free exercise.

• the city's ban violated an individual's establishment protections

Lemon v. Kurtzman does NOT allow funding for religious private schools

• True

• False

The legal significance of Zelman v. Simmons Harris (2002) is that it

• The legal significance of Zelman v. Simmons Harris (2002) is that it

• upheld a state program giving families vouchers that could pay for tuition at religious schools.

• outlawed prayer by students in public schools.

• upheld a state law mandating prayer in public schools.

The teaching of "creation science" in public schools is a violation of free exercise clause of the First Amendment.

• True

• False

The First Amendment's prohibition from making any law “respecting an establishment of religion”

• forbids the government from establishing an official religion.

• prohibits government actions that unduly favor one religion over another.

• forbids the government from establishing an official religion, but also prohibits government actions that unduly favor one religion over another.

• forbids the government from taxing religious institutions in the United States of America.

At the time of the ratification of the Constitution,

• all states had bills of rights but there was no national Bill of Rights.

• the national Bill of Rights also applied to the states.

• there were no bills of rights in the United States.

• both the national government and the states had bills of rights.

• the national government had a Bill of Rights but, there were no state bills of rights.

In deciding to apply parts of the Bill of Rights into state laws since 1925, the Supreme Court has relied on powers in which of the following?

• First Amendment

• Fifth Amendment

• Ninth Amendment

• Tenth Amendment

• Fourteenth Amendment