YDT

By the time psychology came into its own as an ---- discipline after separating from philosophy, the scientific revolution was two centuries old.

• Offensive

• Artificial

• Inadequate

• Independent

• Outdated

----, the Universe was too energetic for stars to form, but as it expanded and cooled, it became possible for gravity to form clumps of gas.

• Initially

• Frankly

• Virtually

• Ultimately

• Merely

Mobile learning, the role of which in education is becoming quite important, is often applied outside classrooms to ---- the learning that takes place inside classrooms.

• Enhance

• Insist

• Require

• Suspect

• Provide

In wealthier parts of the world, heart disease and strokes ---- over a quarter of deaths and there are many factors at play, with conventional wisdom identifying cholesterol as one of the biggest offenders.

• Rest on

• Go through

• Account for

• Bring down

• Stem from

n the 19-mile exclusion zone surrounding the Chernobyl power plant in Ukraine, which ---- following the 1986 reactor meltdown, plants and animals ---- now in ways they never had before.

• used to be contaminated/thrive

• has been contaminated/will have been thriving

• would have been contaminated/have been thriving

• was contaminated/are thriving

• had been contaminated/were thriving

Scientists conducting research to shed light on the possible causes of several mental disorders ---- a link between lack of normal gut bacteria and brain development changes that ---- schizophrenia

• has observed/used to cause

• have observed/could cause

• will observe/should cause

• observed/should have caused

• are observing/had to cause

---- as the main shipping route between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, Singapore ---- traders from China, India, and Europe for years.

• to be served/had attracted

• being served/ would be attracting

• to serve/will have been attracting

• serving/has been attracting

• served/was attracting

Recently, the genome of an archaic human female ---- a group called the Denisovans, who lived about 41,000 years ago, has been sequenced ---- a new method of DNA research.

• for/by

• from/with

• in/onto

• among/beyond

• towards/over

Kefir is a fermented drink similar ---- yoghurt and is valued ---- its beneficial effects on microbes in our gut.

• in/as

• with/about

• aroound/of

• to/for

• from/by

Computers may be able to beat us in specific

activities; ----, it will be a long time before we see a

robot with human-like versatility.

• moreover

• thus

• likewise

• instead

• however