Scaler chain means:

• Hierarchy levels.

• Chain of command

• Delegation of authority

• Span of control.

The oldest type of organization is?

• Functional

• Line

• Matrix

• Committee

The tendency for unskilled individuals to overestimate their own ability is called:

• Groupthink

• Authority Bias

• Anchoring Bias

• Dunning-Kruger Effect

Strategic decisions are not related to the general functioning of an organization.

• True

• False

In an organization, a simple and dynamic environment creates?

• Least certainty

• Most certainty

• Moderate certainty

• Zero certainty

Functions of first-level or frontline supervisors are to include which of the following?

• To determine individual job assignments.

• To attend grievances and resolve conflict

• To provide technical knowledge and guidance to workers.

• To supply strategic information relating to production to management

• All of the above.

Frederick W. Taylor’s Mechanism of Scientific Management includes:

• Scientific task setting.

• Planning the task.

• Standardization of tools and equipment.

• All of the above.

Strategic management does NOT involve?

• Setting objectives.

• Analyzing the competitive environment.

• Analyzing the internal organization.

• Analyzing the external organization.

Which of the following is NOt an element of direction?

• Motivation

• Communication

• Delegation

• Supervision

The tendency to judge a decision by its eventual outcome instead of based on the quality of the decision at the same time is known as?

• Outcome Bias.

• Information Bias

• Stereotyping.

• Selection Bias