What is a gene?

• It is made up of DNA and has the blueprint for building proteins.

• A random change to an organism's DNA.

• It contains chromosomes and is found in a cell.

What is an example of a beneficial mutation?

• Turning a peacock white so it stands out in a forest.

• Making a bird's wings shorter so it cannot fly as well.

• Turning a beetle green to match the green leaf it lives on.

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What is an example of a harmful mutation?

• Making the wings of a bird longer so it can fly higher and faster.

• Turning a peacocks wings white so it stands out in it's environment.

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What could happen if an organism receives a mutation that is beneficial?

• Nothing different will happen to them.

• They will be eaten or killed and their traits will not be passed down to the next generation.

• They will survive better than others of their species and pass on their traits to the next generation.

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What is a mutation?

• The instructions for building proteins.

• A random change to an organism’s DNA

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What could happen if an organism receives a mutation that is harmful?

• Nothing different will happen to them.

• They will be eaten or killed and their traits will not be passed down to the next generation.

• They will survive better than others of their species and pass on their traits to the next generation.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

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How do mutations occur?

• They can occur naturally when cells are created.

• They can occur due to environmental changes.

• Both!

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Why are previous years' flu vaccines ineffective the next flu season?

• All vaccines are only effective for one year, so they must be redesigned annually.

• \Humans' immune systems cannot recognize any form of the flu virus, so people must be inoculated repeatedly.

• The surface proteins of the flu virus are immune to vaccinations, so the flu vaccine is never truly effective.

• Mutations change the flu virus's surface proteins, so the immune system no longer recognizes and attacks them.

Traits are passed down to offspring (babies) through...

• They are not passed down because they are random

• Genes in DNA of parents are passed down to their offspring

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