Text Structure

To skip the trouble of using a baking dish for meals, people created a thick, dry mixture of flour and water whose simple purpose was to hold the "pie" filling while it was baking.

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CCSS.RI.5.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

To skip the trouble of using a baking dish for meals, people created a thick, dry mixture of flour and water whose simple purpose was to hold the "pie" filling while it was baking. Which clue word best reveals the text structure?

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• Baking

• Purpose

• Filling

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CCSS.RI.5.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

These early pie crusts were much too tough for wealthy people to enjoy as food. They were rock solid. The revised recipe included butter, which made the crusts softer on the teeth.

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CCSS.RI.5.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

Hurricanes are tracked by satellite and predicted several days in advance, while the average tornado warning only provides people in the storm's path 13 minutes to reach shelter.

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CCSS.RI.5.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

A tornado is a very small area of low pressure surrounded by powerful rotating winds of up to 300 miles per hour. Its strength is measured by the Enhanced Fujita Scale, ranging from EF-0 to EF-5.

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CCSS.RI.4.5

CCSS.RI.5.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

After a tornado struck an Air-Force base in 1948, two officers studied the weather conditions. Then, five days later, they were able to issue the first accurate tornado warning.

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CCSS.RI.5.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

Before radar, meteorologists could issue tornado watches but couldn't know for sure that a tornado had formed until someone saw it. Radar, however, made it possible to see signs of a tornado on a weather map and issue warnings for people to take over.

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• Cause and Effect

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CCSS.RI.5.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

"Tornado Alley" is a large tornado-prone area in the central United States, including parts of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas.

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CCSS.RI.5.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

Because it is not an official term, "Tornado Alley" does not have specific boundaries. Therefore, this is why many maps show it including different areas of many states.

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CCSS.RI.5.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

To protect people from the area's frequent tornadoes, cities and towns in Tornado Alley enforce strict building codes. Many homes also have storm cellars or basements.

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• Problem and Solution

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CCSS.RI.5.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5