Which of the following was NOT one of the principles built into the government of the newly formed American state?

the equality of all inhabitants

a written constitution that guaranteed personal freedoms

a responsible government based on popular sovereignty

the creation of a federation republic

Which of the following revolutionary leaders is not correctly linked with his country?

Jose de San Martin and Argentina

Augustine de Iturbide and Mexico

“Americans today . . . who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society no better than that of serfs destined for labor, or at best they have no more status than that of mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, or to store products which are royal monopolies, or to establish factories of a type the Peninsula itself does not possess. To this add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity, and the barriers between American provinces, designed to prevent all exchange of trade, traffic, and understanding.” Simón Bolívar, Jamaica Letter , 1815 The quotation above best supports which of the following conclusions about the author’s motives for resistance to Spanish colonial rule in Latin America?

Bolívar rejected Spanish mercantilist policies that restricted free trade in Latin America.

Bolívar opposed the use of Native Americans and Africans as forced laborers in Latin America.

Bolívar was alarmed by the excessive consumerism in the Spanish empire.

Bolívar hoped to undo the effects of the Columbian Exchange.

Which of the following most directly explains the importance of improved agricultural productivity to the industrialization of economic production in western Europe in the period 1750–1900 ?

Because less labor was needed on farms, more people moved to urban areas to work in factories.

Because the nutritional quality of food greatly improved, more people were able to sustain the long working hours that factory labor required.

Because farmers needed less land to produce the same amount of food, they could build textile factories on the excess land.

Because greater quantities of food could be sold at higher prices, governments could tax farmers at higher rates and use those revenues to build factories.

“On Monday news reached us that the French* had printed a proclamation in Arabic and had sent it around to be read in public, calling upon Egyptians to obey them. A copy of that document came into my possession and I will quote it here: ‘In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate. On behalf of the French Republic which is based upon the foundations of liberty and equality, General Bonaparte addresses all Egyptian people: O ye Egyptians, some may tell you that we have come here to abolish your religion, but that is a lie. The real purpose of our campaign is to restore your rights from your oppressors—the Mamluk** rulers of Egypt. Know that all people are equal and that only differences in the degree of reason, virtue, or knowledge may be used to elevate one person above another. But what reason, virtue, or knowledge do the Mamluks have that gives them the right to claim the most fertile land, the most desirable dwellings, and the highest government positions in Egypt? None whatsoever.’ In that proclamation, their statement ‘In the name of Allah, etc.’ suggests that they agree with Islam. But in reality they are opposed to both Christianity and Islam and do not hold fast to any religion. They are materialists who deny the Hereafter and Resurrection, and who reject Prophethood and religious Messengership. In politics, too, they do not have a single ruler, like other countries, who can speak on their behalf.” *In 1798 a French army led by Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt in an attempt to threaten Great Britain’s access to its colonial empire in India. **the ruling class in Egypt at the time, mostly made up of non-Egyptians Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti, Egyptian religious scholar and resident of Cairo, eyewitness chronicle of the French occupation of Egypt, 1798–1801 Which of the following claims does Napoleon make about religion in the document al-Jabarti quotes in the second paragraph?

The French did not wish to change the religion of the people of Egypt.

The French had come to convert Egypt to Christianity.

The French had come to abolish Islam.

The French state was not based on the principles of the Enlightenment.

“On Monday news reached us that the French* had printed a proclamation in Arabic and had sent it around to be read in public, calling upon Egyptians to obey them. A copy of that document came into my possession and I will quote it here: ‘In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate. On behalf of the French Republic which is based upon the foundations of liberty and equality, General Bonaparte addresses all Egyptian people: O ye Egyptians, some may tell you that we have come here to abolish your religion, but that is a lie. The real purpose of our campaign is to restore your rights from your oppressors—the Mamluk** rulers of Egypt. Know that all people are equal and that only differences in the degree of reason, virtue, or knowledge may be used to elevate one person above another. But what reason, virtue, or knowledge do the Mamluks have that gives them the right to claim the most fertile land, the most desirable dwellings, and the highest government positions in Egypt? None whatsoever.’ In that proclamation, their statement ‘In the name of Allah, etc.’ suggests that they agree with Islam. But in reality they are opposed to both Christianity and Islam and do not hold fast to any religion. They are materialists who deny the Hereafter and Resurrection, and who reject Prophethood and religious Messengership. In politics, too, they do not have a single ruler, like other countries, who can speak on their behalf.” *In 1798 a French army led by Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt in an attempt to threaten Great Britain’s access to its colonial empire in India. **the ruling class in Egypt at the time, mostly made up of non-Egyptians Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti, Egyptian religious scholar and resident of Cairo, eyewitness chronicle of the French occupation of Egypt, 1798–1801 Which of the following claims does al-Jabarti make about the French?

The French do not believe in either Christianity or Islam.

The French are Muslim but pretend to be Christian.

The French are Christian but pretend to be Muslim.

The French have created a new religion of their own.

“By the end of the nineteenth century, Germany had advanced beyond Britain in terms of economic output. The prime reason for this development was that Germany developed newer industries, while Britain continued to stress textile production. Formerly an agricultural country, the German Empire has come to be regarded as one of the leading industrial nations of the world and, in the chemical industries, Germany has for some time occupied a leading place. One of the most successful chemical and pharmaceutical firms in Germany is the Bayer company. Bayer employs 3,500 people alone at its plant in Leverkusen,* and the factory is so gigantic that all of these people are barely noticed when a visitor tours it. The laboratories are arranged very much in the same manner as the university laboratories in Britain. Each workstation receives a supply of electricity, compressed air, steam, and hot and cold water. The research chemists are paid a salary of about 100 British pounds for the first year. If a chemist has shown himself to be useful in his first year, he may receive a longer contract and may receive royalties on any processes that he invented.” *a city located in west-central Germany near Cologne; until the development of the German chemical industry in the late nineteenth century, Leverkusen was a small rural community. Harold Baron, British historian, book describing the chemical industry of Europe, published in 1909 The emergence of the German industries referred to in the passage is most directly explained by which of the following processes in the nineteenth century?

The development of new methods of production during the second industrial revolution

The spread of new industrial technologies such as the internal combustion engine from the United States

The greater diversity of manufactured goods produced by industrial factories

The growing importance of using coal as fuel in industrial production

“By the end of the nineteenth century, Germany had advanced beyond Britain in terms of economic output. The prime reason for this development was that Germany developed newer industries, while Britain continued to stress textile production. Formerly an agricultural country, the German Empire has come to be regarded as one of the leading industrial nations of the world and, in the chemical industries, Germany has for some time occupied a leading place. One of the most successful chemical and pharmaceutical firms in Germany is the Bayer company. Bayer employs 3,500 people alone at its plant in Leverkusen,* and the factory is so gigantic that all of these people are barely noticed when a visitor tours it. The laboratories are arranged very much in the same manner as the university laboratories in Britain. Each workstation receives a supply of electricity, compressed air, steam, and hot and cold water. The research chemists are paid a salary of about 100 British pounds for the first year. If a chemist has shown himself to be useful in his first year, he may receive a longer contract and may receive royalties on any processes that he invented.” *a city located in west-central Germany near Cologne; until the development of the German chemical industry in the late nineteenth century, Leverkusen was a small rural community. Harold Baron, British historian, book describing the chemical industry of Europe, published in 1909 Great Britain’s development of the industry referred to in the first paragraph during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is best explained by the fact that British factories were the first to

use steam-powered machines for large-scale economic production

use natural resources from colonies to create finished products

use coerced labor for producing manufactured goods

take advantage of mercantilist economic policies to protect themselves from foreign competition

“By the end of the nineteenth century, Germany had advanced beyond Britain in terms of economic output. The prime reason for this development was that Germany developed newer industries, while Britain continued to stress textile production. Formerly an agricultural country, the German Empire has come to be regarded as one of the leading industrial nations of the world and, in the chemical industries, Germany has for some time occupied a leading place. One of the most successful chemical and pharmaceutical firms in Germany is the Bayer company. Bayer employs 3,500 people alone at its plant in Leverkusen,* and the factory is so gigantic that all of these people are barely noticed when a visitor tours it. The laboratories are arranged very much in the same manner as the university laboratories in Britain. Each workstation receives a supply of electricity, compressed air, steam, and hot and cold water. The research chemists are paid a salary of about 100 British pounds for the first year. If a chemist has shown himself to be useful in his first year, he may receive a longer contract and may receive royalties on any processes that he invented.” *a city located in west-central Germany near Cologne; until the development of the German chemical industry in the late nineteenth century, Leverkusen was a small rural community. Harold Baron, British historian, book describing the chemical industry of Europe, published in 1909 Which of the following developments in the nineteenth century would most likely help explain the size and composition of the workforce at the Bayer plant as described in the second paragraph?

The construction of railroads facilitated the migration of people to interior regions.

The invention of steamships facilitated the migration of colonial subjects to imperial metropoles.

The invention of the telegraph made it easier for companies to recruit educated workers from across the world.

The discovery of electricity made rural communities more attractive places to live for wealthy urbanites.

“Americans today . . . who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society no better than that of serfs destined for labor, or at best they have no more status than that of mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, . . . or to establish factories of a type the Peninsula itself does not possess. To this add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity, and the barriers between American provinces, designed to prevent all exchange of trade, traffic, and understanding. In short, do you wish to know what our future held?—simply the cultivation of fields . . . cattle raising . . . hunting wild game . . . mining gold.” Simón Bolívar, Letter from Jamaica , 1815 In the excerpt, Bolívar expresses which of the following?

Outrage at the effects of mercantilist policies

Concern about the lack of restrictions on capital investments

Disgust with the extravagant spending of socialist governments

Rebellion against the restrictions of feudalism

The industrialization of Great Britain’s economy in the mid-eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is most directly explained by which of the following?

Britain had large reserves of coal.

Britain had large reserves of petroleum.

British scientists were the first to discover electricity.

British engineers developed new methods of producing cheaper steel.

“The fourth annual meeting of the shareholders of the British South Africa Company was held yesterday at the Cannon-street Hotel. The company’s chairman, in his opening address, said, ‘Twice during the past year we met when fighting with Africans was taking place in the company’s territory, when financial arrangements of a complicated character were pending, and when the outlook of the enterprise seemed full of doubt and difficulty. Today, however, we are in a position far superior to any we had previously occupied and ever had hoped to attain. In founding the British South Africa Company, the shareholders undertook the occupation and development of a considerable extent of valuable territory in South Africa. Thus, because of the far-seeing action of a few men connected with the company, this enormous territory was secured for Great Britain. The perfectly legitimate objections of some people to chartered companies like ours were answered by the certainty that this vast territory—equal in extent to Central Europe—could not have been brought under British sway in any other way. Turning now to the development of railway communication in our territory, it is being pursued by building lines from the Cape Colony and joining them to other lines that will provide a route over Portuguese Mozambique and to the sea. Postal and telegraphic communications will closely follow, and in some cases already precede, the completion of the railroad. In addition, even before our mines have reached a stage of development great enough to cause a large inflow of population, the shareholders may congratulate themselves on the satisfactory outlook of our finances in Mashonaland*.’” *a region in northern Zimbabwe that contained extensive deposits of gold and other minerals and metals Report of Alexander Duff, chairman of the British South Africa Company, to company shareholders in London, recorded in the Mining Journal, Railway and Commercial Gazette , published in London, 1895 The economic success of businesses such as the British South Africa Company was in part dependent on which of the following developments in the late nineteenth century?

The adoption of innovative practices in banking and finance

The migrations of indentured workers from Asia

The increasing availability and variety of consumer goods

The development of new technologies such as the telegraph

“The fourth annual meeting of the shareholders of the British South Africa Company was held yesterday at the Cannon-street Hotel. The company’s chairman, in his opening address, said, ‘Twice during the past year we met when fighting with Africans was taking place in the company’s territory, when financial arrangements of a complicated character were pending, and when the outlook of the enterprise seemed full of doubt and difficulty. Today, however, we are in a position far superior to any we had previously occupied and ever had hoped to attain. In founding the British South Africa Company, the shareholders undertook the occupation and development of a considerable extent of valuable territory in South Africa. Thus, because of the far-seeing action of a few men connected with the company, this enormous territory was secured for Great Britain. The perfectly legitimate objections of some people to chartered companies like ours were answered by the certainty that this vast territory—equal in extent to Central Europe—could not have been brought under British sway in any other way. Turning now to the development of railway communication in our territory, it is being pursued by building lines from the Cape Colony and joining them to other lines that will provide a route over Portuguese Mozambique and to the sea. Postal and telegraphic communications will closely follow, and in some cases already precede, the completion of the railroad. In addition, even before our mines have reached a stage of development great enough to cause a large inflow of population, the shareholders may congratulate themselves on the satisfactory outlook of our finances in Mashonaland*.’” *a region in northern Zimbabwe that contained extensive deposits of gold and other minerals and metals Report of Alexander Duff, chairman of the British South Africa Company, to company shareholders in London, recorded in the Mining Journal, Railway and Commercial Gazette , published in London, 1895 As described in the passage, the economic model of the British South Africa Company most directly differed from which of the following economic trends in the late nineteenth century?

The shift from mercantilism to free-market trade policies

The shift in Asian and African economies from manufacturing of finished goods to resource extraction

The shift from nation-based businesses and enterprises to transnational businesses and enterprises

The shift from heavy industry to industries centered on the production of consumer goods

“The fourth annual meeting of the shareholders of the British South Africa Company was held yesterday at the Cannon-street Hotel. The company’s chairman, in his opening address, said, ‘Twice during the past year we met when fighting with Africans was taking place in the company’s territory, when financial arrangements of a complicated character were pending, and when the outlook of the enterprise seemed full of doubt and difficulty. Today, however, we are in a position far superior to any we had previously occupied and ever had hoped to attain. In founding the British South Africa Company, the shareholders undertook the occupation and development of a considerable extent of valuable territory in South Africa. Thus, because of the far-seeing action of a few men connected with the company, this enormous territory was secured for Great Britain. The perfectly legitimate objections of some people to chartered companies like ours were answered by the certainty that this vast territory—equal in extent to Central Europe—could not have been brought under British sway in any other way. Turning now to the development of railway communication in our territory, it is being pursued by building lines from the Cape Colony and joining them to other lines that will provide a route over Portuguese Mozambique and to the sea. Postal and telegraphic communications will closely follow, and in some cases already precede, the completion of the railroad. In addition, even before our mines have reached a stage of development great enough to cause a large inflow of population, the shareholders may congratulate themselves on the satisfactory outlook of our finances in Mashonaland*.’” *a region in northern Zimbabwe that contained extensive deposits of gold and other minerals and metals Report of Alexander Duff, chairman of the British South Africa Company, to company shareholders in London, recorded in the Mining Journal, Railway and Commercial Gazette , published in London, 1895 The “objections” that the chairman refers to in the first paragraph can most directly be explained in relation to which of the following arguments commonly made by laissez-faire economists in the period 1750–1900 ?

The monopolistic practices of government-chartered joint-stock companies such as the British South Africa Company distorted market competition and hurt consumers.

Granting government charters to joint-stock companies such as the British South Africa Company allowed too much free trade and hurt workers in home countries.

Government involvement in the business of companies such as the British South Africa Company inevitably led to deregulation that removed valuable protections for workers and consumers.

The creation of government-supported joint-stock companies such as the British South Africa Company excluded private investment.

The Australian catalog page of 1929 shown above shows women primarily as

participants in competitive sports

Which of the following developments in the period 1878–1922 best explains the change in Japanese trade patterns shown in the graphs above?

Japanese manufacturing output rose as a consequence of industrialization.

Japanese manufacturing output decreased because Japanese leaders restricted commercial ties.

Export of manufactured goods declined because United States tariffs on Japanese goods increased.

Japanese imports of raw materials increased as a consequence of extensive immigration to Japan.

APWH Unit 5

Authored by CASEY MCPHAIL

Social Studies, History

10th Grade

Used 11+ times

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

10 mins • 1 pt

Under the Tokugawa Japan was

a major trading nation

rapidly industrializing

bankrupt

isolated

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

10 mins • 1 pt

In contrast to the American Revolution, the French Revolution

experienced no participation by women.

sought to recreate society from scratch.

drew on Enlightenment ideas about liberty.

sought to preserve existing liberties.

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

10 mins • 1 pt

The 1st Industrial Revolution focused on factories and steam power. The 2nd Industrial Revolution focused on all of the following except:

Oil

Electricity

The steam engine

Steel

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

10 mins • 1 pt

Which of the following BEST describes a significant influence on the time frame for Italian political unification?

Massive Italian immigration to the Americas and Australia included many potential revolutionaries that weakened the process toward unification.

Civil war erupted and the drive to unify the country was successfully resisted by several Italian states.

Austrian and Spanish power blocked attempts to unify Italy, and the country remained divided into a variety of small states until the early twentieth century.

The last of the Italian lands to renounce independence and join the new nation was the Papal States, where the Roman Catholic Church resisted unification.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

10 mins • 1 pt

The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain was most influenced by which of the following factors?

The amount and location of British petroleum reserves

The location and large number of British coal deposits

The aggressive promotion of industrialization by George III

The spread of cotton cultivation in southern England

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

10 mins • 1 pt

The "Second Industrial Revolution" in the last half of the 19th century was associated with the mass production of which of the following groups of products?

Textiles, iron, and coal

Textiles, automobiles, and planes

Electricity, ships, and radios

Electricity, steel, and chemicals

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

10 mins • 1 pt

Which one of the following was NOT one of the basic ideals of the Enlightenment thinkers?

popular sovereignty

social contract

political equality

equality for women

individual freedom

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