Behaviourism

In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus can only be associated with the unconditioned stimulus if

• the neutral stimulus prepares the organism for the other stimulus

• the neutral stimulus is intense

• the other stimulus is particularly noxious

• the neutral stimulus doesn't bring any effect

When a dog has food placed in its mouth, the dog begins to salivate. The salivation behavior is called the

• unconditioned stimulus

• conditioned stimulus

• unconditioned response

• conditioned response

The stimulus that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and then associated with it is called the

• unconditioned stimulus

• conditioned stimulus

• unconditioned response

• conditioned response

The “positive” and “negative” terms applied to reinforcement and punishment refer to

• whether consequence is good or bad

• whether something is added or removed as consequence

• whether consequence adds or substracts behaviour

• whether consequence is concrete or abstract

When the frequency or probability of a behavior is increased as a result of the addition or presentation of something following the performance of the behavior, it is called

• a positive reinforcement

• a positive punishment

• negative reinforcement

• negative punishment

In an attempt to get his class to quiet down more quickly, Dr. Johnson continuously sounds a very loud bullhorn until the class stops talking. This is an example of

• positive reinforcement

• positive punishment

• negative reinforcement

• negative punishment

Negative reinforcement is

• the removal of something unpleasant

• the addition of something unpleasant

• the removal of the conditioned stimulus

• the addition of acquisition

All of the following are examples of negative reinforcement except

• punishment

• taking away unpleasant stimulus

• being rewarded by being relieved or discomfort

• avoidance learning or motivation

Suppose your dog was conditioned such that she would drool when she heard the sound of a can being opened by a can opener (you feed her canned dog food). In terms of classical conditioning, the sound of a can opening is the __________.

• US

• UR

• CR

• CS

Pavlov's historical investigations of conditioning involved experimentation with ________.

• cats

• rats

• dogs

• pigeons