grade restoration evolution

Which biological molecule is the most useful for determining evolutionary relationships?

• tRNA

• mRNA

• DNA

• fatty acids

• carbohydrates

Evolution is a process exhibited by a(n):

• cell

• tissue

• organ

• organism

• population

Evidence of evolution may be based on information obtained from fossils, geological records, studies in comparative biochemistry, and comparative embryology. The example below that would be classified as biochemical evidence is:

• Similar structure between the flipper of a whale and the arm of a human.

• Imprint of a footprint.

• Similarity of the DNA molecules of two mammals.

• Radioactive dating of a rock sample.

• Wing of an insect and wing of a bird.

Darwin’s theory of natural selection includes all of the following stipulations, EXCEPT

• Every organism produces more organisms than can survive.

• Due to competition, not all organisms survive.

• Some organisms are more fit, i.e. they are able to survive better in the environment.

• The difference in survivability is due to variations between organisms.

• Variation is due, at least in part, to mutations.

Ichthyosaur was an aquatic dinosaur. Fossils show us that it had a dorsal fin and a tail just as fish do, even though its closest relatives were terrestrial reptiles that has neither dorsal fins nor aquatic tails. The dorsal fins and tails of ichthyosaurs and fish are

• Homologous

• Analogous

• adaptations to a common environment.

Which of the following is NOT a premise for Darwin evolutionary theory?

• Variation among organisms in a population in the same generation.

• Inheritability of some variations.

• Production of more offspring that can survive and reproduce.

• Equal chance for survival for all organisms in a population.

Organs or structures having similar embryonic origin are said to be

• Analogous

• Homologous

• Vestigial

• Adaptive

_____ is the study of the distribution of animals and plants on the Earth’s surface.

• Biogeography

• Paleontology

• Ecology

• Geology

The best explanations for vestigial organs is that

• The organism wants to be prepared to make changes in the future.

• The organ is useful and so has decreased in size.

• They are remnants of once functional organs in an ancestral animal.

• none of the answer choices are correct

Lobe-finned fishes were present in the oceans of the world approximately 400 million years ago. The first tetrapods (vertebrates that had limbs and could move on land) date to about 365 million years ago. One hypothesis states that early tetrapods evolved from lobe-finned fishes. Which of the following is the best plan for testing the hypothesis?

• Determining the number of fins found on lobe-finned fishes from different geographical locations

• Measuring the proportion of radioisotopes found in fossils of early tetrapods

• Comparing the arrangements of bones in the fins of lobe-finned fishes and limbs of the earliest tetrapods

• Sequencing DNA isolated from fossils of lobe-finned fishes to determine the size of the genome